Chapter 2 SALON EC OLOGY SFC Chapter 2

Chapter 2 SALON EC OLOGY SFC

Chapter 2 Tour: Salon Ecology 1 Microbiology Pages 47 -51 Recognize the structure and function of bacteria and viruses by their types, classifications, growth and reproduction patterns and relationship to the spread of infection 2 Infection Control Pages 52 -59 Identify the procedures and precautions for the infection control procedures used in schools and salons 3 First Aid Pages 60 -62 List simple safety and first-aid applications for minor burns, cuts, choking, eye injury and fainting procedures

Salon Ecology 1 Microbiology Bacteria Viruses Growth of Bacteria Infection External Parasites Immunity Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Microbiology A B Does photo A or B illustrate a healthy, infection-free, safe environment? Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Microbiology A Photo A displays a healthy, infection-free, safe environment. Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Microbiology ocrogyoibim optoeinnahgnc arpyespohts ahgncptoei ccioc tetccisrpooc tpyoocsahlcci ailbcli ilccidpooc prlasiil bodonlobre ptoesahgn microbiology Key Term Jumble nonpathogenic saprophytes pathogenic cocci streptococci staphylococci bacilla diplococci spirilla Click on the KEY to bloodborne rearrange the letters pathogens of each key term

Microbiology The study of small organisms + + micro (small) bio (living) ology (study) microbiology A basic knowledge of microbiology is important in Why is the study of microbiology preventing the spread disease through proper important to aofcosmetologist? disinfection within the salon. Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Bacteria Generally classified as two types: Nonpathogenic Pathogenic Bacteria that do not produce disease Bacteria that do produce disease Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Bacteria Nonpathogenic • • • Harmless Can be beneficial Many live on surface of skin Saprophytes live on dead matter 70% of all bacteria Pathogenic • Cause infection and disease • • Distinct shapes Some produce toxins Spread easily Live everywhere Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Bacteria Pathogenic Bacteria 1. Cocci Round Staphylococci Bunches Streptococci Diplococci Appear in groups or singularly Found in boils Pus-forming Long chains Cause strep throat Pus-forming Pairs Cause pneumonia 2. Bacilli Rod Most common form of bacterial cells 3. Spirilla Spiral Causes syphilis, lyme disease, cholera Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Bacteria Beyond the Book Bacteria are among the earliest forms of life that appeared on Earth billions of years ago. Scientists think bacteria helped shape and change Earth’s environment. The atmospheric oxygen created by the bacteria enabled other, more complex life SFC forms to develop. http: //www. microbe. org

Growth of Bacteria Growth Cycle Active Stage Inactive Stage • Reproduce and grow rapidly • No growth occurs when conditions are unfavorable • Require dark, damp, dirty places with food • • Divide into two new cells (mitosis) Form spores not harmed by disinfectants, cold or heat • Become active when conditions are favorable Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Growth of Bacteria Movement of Bacteria Bacilli and spirilla use flagella (cilia) to propel themselves Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Growth of Bacteria Beyond the Book Some bacteria with flagella can move 50 -60 times the length of their body per second. If a 6 foot tall person could move that fast, they would be running about 100 meters per second. That is 9 times faster than the world record! SFC

Viruses • Sub-microscopic particles; much smaller than bacteria • Cause familiar diseases like the common cold, measles, hepatitis, HIV J s, e on n e i ause b c. ot ar l n y be sles l De i a a w lly l tod e me a on S oo th s n h wa sc has S e e sh Su s. Mr Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Viruses Human Hepatitis B (HBV) • • • Highly infectious disease that infects the liver Vaccine-preventable disease Personal service workers are often asked to be vaccinated Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Viruses Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) • • • Caused by HIV Affects the body’s natural immune system Spreads by body fluids entering blood stream of uninfected individual Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Viruses Beyond the Book Chickenpox is a disease caused by the varicella zoster virus. Since the introduction of the chickenpox vaccine, cases of chickenpox in children have decreased almost 70 -90%. SFC

External Parasites Organisms that live on or obtain nutrients from another organism • Parasitic fungi (molds and yeasts) – Produce contagious diseases such as ringworm, honeycomb ringworm and nail fungus – Produce noncontagious conditions such as dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis • Parasitic mites (insects) – Produce contagious diseases such as itch mites and head lice Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

External Parasites Professionals prevent the spread of contagions (fungi, bacteria and mites) through proper disinfection procedures Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

External Parasites Head Lice • Transmitted directly from one person to another or by contact with articles that have come in contact with an infested person • Accompanied by head scratching, redness or small bite marks on the scalp • Controlled by pediculicide shampoo Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

External Parasites Beyond the Book Dandruff is a chronic scalp condition that affects about 50% of the world’s population. - P&G Beauty SFC

Infection Occurs when disease-producing (pathogenic) bacteria or viruses enter the body and multiply to the point of interfering with the body’s normal state. • Contagious or communicable disease – Can be transmitted from person to person through touch or through the air Ahhh chooo! Bloodborne pathogens are disease-causing bacteria or viruses that are carried through blood or body fluids Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Infection Common ways of spreading infection in the salon: • • • Open sores Unclean hands and implements Coughing or sneezing Common use of drinking cups and towels Use of same implements on infected areas and noninfected areas Unsanitary salon conditions Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Infection Local • Small, confined area • Pus-filled boil, pimple or inflamed area General • All parts of the body (systemic) • Circulatory system carries bacteria and toxins Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Infection Asymptomatic Carrier • Carries disease but shows NO SYMPTOMS Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Infection Beyond the Book Studies have shown that 40% to 60% of In order to be effective, hands should be people washeddon't withwash soap their for 20 hands to 25 after seconds. using the restroom. The three keys are And thosesoap, who friction do wash their hands and water. often don't know the proper technique. SFC http: //www. physorg. com

Immunity Ability of the body to destroy infectious agents that enter the body Natural Immunity • • Partially inherited • Production of white blood cells and antitoxins by body • Skin is first line of defense Natural resistance to disease Passive Immunity • Acquired immunity • Injection of antigens stimulates the body’s immune response Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Immunity Beyond the Book Yo-yo diets resulting in drastic weight changes can weaken your immune system. Depending on the statistics, up to 85% of individuals who lose a significant amount of weight will eventually regain it. To keep the immune system strong, one should eat healthy and get regular exercise. SFC

Microbiology Self-Check What’s your answer? A. Nonpathogenic or B. Pathogenic • 70% of all bacteria • Produce disease • Include saprophytes • Harmless A B A A Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Microbiology Self-Check Identify the type of pathogenic bacteria Grow in pairs and can cause pneumonia Diplococci 1. _______ Most common form of bacterial cells Bacilli 2. _______ Pus-forming cells that form bunches; found in boils 4. Staphylococci ____ Spiral-shaped cells that cause syphilis, cholera and lyme disease 5. Spirilla ____ Pus-forming cells that form long chains; cause strep throat Streptococci 3. ____ Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Microbiology Self-Check On a sheet of paper numbered 1 -12, answer the following questions. What’s your answer? A. Active Bacteria or B. Inactive Bacteria 1. 2. 3. 4. Grow rapidly Exhibit mitosis Form spores Stop growing Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Microbiology Self-Check 5. List 3 familiar diseases caused by viruses: _________ 6. Which of the following viruses affects the liver? a. HIV b. cold c. measles d. hepatitis B Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Microbiology Self-Check 7. What organisms live on or obtain their nutrients from another organism? a. cocci b. bacilli c. measles d. external parasites 8. Which class of infection is located in a small, confined area? a. local b. general c. passive d. systemic Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Microbiology Self-Check 9. Which type of infection occurs when the circulatory system carries bacteria and toxins to all parts of the body? _____ 10. Using the same infection control procedures on all clients is known as: __________ Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Microbiology Self-Check 11. The ability to destroy infectious agents that enter the body is known as: _____ 12. What are the two types of immunity? __________ Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Know Chart As you correct your answers, evaluate your progress. Create a Know Chart with 2 columns. Place correct answers from the Self-Check under the “I Know” column. Then place incorrect answers under the “I Need to Study” column. KNOW 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. I Know: CHART 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. I Need to Study: Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Microbiology Self-Check Now check your work. A. Active Bacteria 1. 2. 3. 4. or Grow rapidly Exhibit mitosis Form spores Stop growing B. Inactive Bacteria A A B B Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Microbiology Self-Check 5. List 3 familiar diseases caused by viruses: cold measles hepatitis HIV 6. Which of the following viruses affects the liver? a. HIV b. cold c. measles d. hepatitis B Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Microbiology Self-Check 7. What organisms live on or obtain their nutrients from another organism? a. cocci b. bacilli c. measles d. external parasites 8. Which class of infection is located in a small, confined area? a. local b. general c. passive d. systemic Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Microbiology Self-Check 9. Which type of infection occurs when the circulatory system carries bacteria and toxins to all parts of the body? _____ general 10. Using the same infection control procedures on all clients is known as: _____ universal _____ precautions Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Microbiology Self-Check 11. The ability to destroy infectious agents that enter the body is known as: _____ immunity 12. What are the two types of immunity? natural passive __________ Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Face the Facts Lessons Learned Bacteria q Bacteria are classified into two types: pathogenic and nonpathogenic q Forms of pathogenic bacteria include: cocci, bacilli and spirilla Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Face the Facts Lessons Learned Growth of Bacteria q Bacteria go through two stages, active and inactive q During the active stage, bacteria grow and reproduce using mitosis in which the cell divides, creating two new cells q While in the inactive stage, bacteria form spores which protect the cell Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Face the Facts Lessons Learned Viruses q Viruses are sub-microscopic particles that cause diseases like the common cold External Parasites q Organisms that live on or obtain their nutrients from another organism Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Face the Facts Lessons Learned Infection q Pathogenic bacteria or viruses cause infection when they enter the body and multiply to the point of interfering with the body’s normal state q Contagious infection or communicable disease can be spread from person to person through touch or through air q Common means of spreading infection in the salon include unclean hands and implements Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

IT’S 2 U! Draw a picture of each of the 3 types of cocci bacterial cells Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

IT’S 2 U! Answers 3 forms of cocci bacterial cells Diplococci Streptococci Staphylococci Chapter 2. 1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Salon Ecology 2 Infection Control Sterilization Sanitation Disinfection Infection Control Guidelines Chapter 2. 2 Salon Ecology Infection Control

Infection Control Connecting with the Web 1. Go online to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website (www. cdc. gov) 2. Browse the website for information on infection control, sanitation, disinfection and other information relevant to the cosmetology industry 3. Write down three interesting facts Chapter 2. 2 Salon Ecology Infection Control

Infection Control vniainetlot snttoaiain OHAS dsnetoiifcin MDSS efccfiay lblaes atspinietc seiiaintrlzto Ifcinneto cnrloto ventilation sanitation OSHA disinfection MSDS efficacy labels antiseptic sterilization infection control Key Term Jumble Click on the KEY to rearrange the letters of each key term

Infection Control Infection control is the term used to describe efforts to prevent the spread of disease and kill certain or all microbes Chapter 2. 2 Salon Ecology Infection Control

Sanitation First level of infection control • Removes dirt to aid in preventing growth of microbes • Cleans and reduces microbes on surface, but does not kill germs Antiseptic • Product that can be applied to skin to reduce microbes and prevent their growth Chapter 2. 2 Salon Ecology Infection Control

Sanitation Hand Washing 1. Moisten hands with warm water and antimicrobial liquid soap 2. Spend 15 -20 seconds working up a good lather; pay attention to fingers and fingernails 3. Rinse hands in warm water; position hands downward so rinse progresses from wrist to fingertips 4. Dry hands well; use single-use paper towels or hands-free blow dryers Chapter 2. 2 Salon Ecology Infection Control

Sanitation Ventilation • Salon should be sufficiently ventilated so air does not have a stale, musty odor or contain odor of sprays, bleaches and various chemical solutions • Average room temperature should be about 70° Fahrenheit (21° Celsius) Chapter 2. 2 Salon Ecology Infection Control

Sanitation Beyond the Book A study reports only 58% of female and 48% of male middle and high school students washed their hands after using the bathroom. Of these, only 33% of the females and 8% of the males used soap. SFC http: //www. itsasnap. org

Disinfection Disinfectants • Chemical products used to destroy or kill certain bacteria and some viruses (except bacterial spores) • Very strong and work well on styling implements; could be harmful to skin • Follow manufacturer’s directions and always wear gloves and safety glasses when mixing disinfectants Chapter 2. 2 Salon Ecology Infection Control

Disinfection • • • Disinfectant Kill bactericidals harmful bacteria tuberculocidals tuberculosis fungicidals fungus virucidals viruses pseudomonacidals pseudomonas Broad-spectrum disinfectants kill bacteria, viruses, fungi and pseudomonas Chapter 2. 2 Salon Ecology Infection Control

Disinfection OSHA • The Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulating agency under Department of Labor enforces safety and health standards in the workplace – Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) and labeling of products are two regulations OSHA has put in place Chapter 2. 2 Salon Ecology Infection Control

Disinfection EPA • The Environmental Protection Agency approves efficacy of products used for infection control – Efficacy labels state what a product will destroy or be effective against Chapter 2. 2 Salon Ecology Infection Control

Disinfection • 1997 OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard – Requires use of disinfectant with efficacy against HIV and HBV or tuberculocidal on implements that accidentally come into contact with blood or body fluids Alert! Chapter 2. 2 Salon Ecology Infection Control

Disinfection Brush or Comb Disinfection Procedures 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Remove hair from brush or comb Wash thoroughly with soap and water Rinse thoroughly and pat dry Immerse completely in disinfecting solution Remove with forceps, tongs or gloved hands Store in a disinfected, dry, covered container or cabinet until needed Chapter 2. 2 Salon Ecology Infection Control

Disinfection Guidelines and Procedures • • Disinfect combs and brushes after each use • Disinfect unplugged electrical appliances such as guards or hair clippers • Wash, rinse and disinfect by completely immersing all cosmetology, nail care, esthetic and electrolysis tools and metal implements after each use Change chemical solutions as recommended by manufacturer Chapter 2. 2 Salon Ecology Infection Control

Disinfection Guidelines and Procedures • Discard emery boards, cosmetic sponges and orangewood sticks after each use or give them to the client – Implements must be non-porous to be disinfected • Store all disinfected tools in a disinfected, dry, covered container or cabinet • Dispose of sharp objects in sealable, rigid container • Label disinfecting products properly Guiding Principle: Discard or Disinfect Use clean, disinfected materials and implements Chapter 2. 2 Salon Ecology Infection Control

Disinfection Precautions • Tightly cover and label all containers; store in cool dry area • Avoid inhaling or spilling chemical solutions; avoid contact with skin or eyes; wipe up all spills at once • Refer to Material Safety Data Sheet for proper procedures if contact with eyes or skin occurs Chapter 2. 2 Salon Ecology Infection Control

Disinfection Blood Spill Procedure If blood spill should occur: • Stop service, wash and cover hands with protective gloves • Apply antiseptic and/or liquid or spray styptic product to the injured party • • Dress or cover the injury with appropriate dressing • • • Clean and disinfect implements and work station Cover injured area with finger guard or glove as appropriate Double-bag all blood-soiled articles Return to client and continue service Chapter 2. 2 Salon Ecology Infection Control

Disinfection Beyond the Book Each square centimeter of your skin averages about 100, 000 bacteria. A single teaspoon of dirt contains more than 1, 000, 000 bacteria. 1 billion bacteria SFC http: //www. microbe. org

Sterilization • • • Most effective level of infection control Sterilization procedures kill or destroy all microbes Consult your area’s regulating agency for standards regarding cosmetology services and sterilization procedures Chapter 2. 2 Salon Ecology Infection Control

Sterilization Beyond the Book Recent studies have shown that stomach ulcers may be caused by a common stomach bacteria, H. pylori. This bacteria can grow in the lining of the stomach, produce inflammation and cause the stomach lining to be more easily damaged by stomach acid, especially when under stress. SFC www. webmd. com

Infection Control Self-Check On a sheet of paper numbered 1 -9, answer the following questions. What’s your answer? A. Sanitation 1. 2. 3. 4. or B. Disinfection Includes use of an antiseptic Does not kill germs Uses very strong chemicals Destroys a broad spectrum of viruses Chapter 2. 2 Salon Ecology Infection Control

Infection Control Self-Check Fill in the blank for the following items covering infection control guidelines. Least Killing Power Most 5. Sterilization kills _____ microbes. 6. Bloodborne pathogen disinfection kills _____ and _____. 7. Disinfection kills _____ bacteria. 8. Antiseptic prevents _____ of microbes. 9. Sanitation removes _____. Chapter 2. 2 Salon Ecology Infection Control

Know Chart As you correct your answers, evaluate your progress. Create a Know Chart with 2 columns. Place correct answers from the Self-Check under the “I Know” column. Then place incorrect answers under the “I Need to Study” column. CHART KNOW 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. I Know: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. I Need to Study: Chapter 2. 2 Salon Ecology Infection Control

Infection Control Self-Check Now check your work. A. Sanitation 1. 2. 3. 4. or B. Disinfection A Includes use of an antiseptic Does not kill germs A B Uses very strong chemicals B Destroys a broad spectrum of viruses Chapter 2. 2 Salon Ecology Infection Control

Infection Control Self-Check Least Killing Power Most all 5. Sterilization kills _____ microbes. HIV 6. Bloodborne pathogen disinfection kills _____ and. HBV _____. 7. Disinfection kills _____ certain bacteria. growth of microbes. 8. Antiseptic prevents _____ 9. Sanitation removes _____. dirt Chapter 2. 2 Salon Ecology Infection Control

Face the Facts Lessons Learned Infection Control q Sanitation means to remove dirt to aid in preventing growth of microbes Sanitation q Hand washing should be done with warm water and antibacterial soap q Hands should be rinsed in warm water and dried well q Hands should be washed immediately before serving each client to prevent the spread of microbes Chapter 2. 2 Salon Ecology Infection Control

Lessons Learned Face the Facts Disinfection q Disinfectants destroy or kill bacteria and some viruses q Utensils to be disinfected should be washed thoroughly before being completely immersed in disinfectant q Rule: Discard or Disinfect Chapter 2. 2 Salon Ecology Infection Control

Face the Facts Lessons Learned Sterilization q Sterilization is the most effective level of infection control q Sterilization procedures kill or destroy all microbes q Consult your area’s regulating agency for standards regarding cosmetology services and sterilization procedures Chapter 2. 2 Salon Ecology Infection Control

IT’S 2 U! Can you find 4 items that do not belong in a salon setting? Chapter 2. 2 Salon Ecology Infection Control

IT’S 2 U! Answers: 1. puddle of water 2. dog 3. parrot 4. stylist is smoking Chapter 2. 2 Salon Ecology Infection Control

Salon Ecology 3 First Aid Bleeding and Wounds Choking Burns Eye Injury Fainting Chapter 2. 3 Salon Ecology First Aid

First Aid A client in your salon accidentally cuts her hand. What would you do to help in this situation? Possible Solution Cover the wound apply pressure. Elevate the limb and when bleeding stops, apply bandage. Chapter 2. 3 Salon Ecology First Aid

First Aid tunqeoriut tourniquet oodg smrtnaaia lwa good samaritan law mtraaeil sftaey dtaa sethe material safety data sheet admnlboia trsshut abdominal thrusts Key Term Jumble Click on the Key to rearrange the letters of each key term

First Aid Good Samaritan Laws • • • Encourage people to help others in emergency situations Give legal protection to people who provide emergency care to ill or injured persons Require that the “good samaritan” use common sense and a reasonable level of skill in emergency situations Chapter 2. 3 Salon Ecology First Aid

Bleeding and Wounds • Place cloth and gloved hand over wound • Apply firm pressure for five minutes • Elevate injured arm or leg above level of victim’s heart if practical • When bleeding stops, secure cloth with bandage—don’t lift cloth to see if bleeding stopped • Make sure bandage is not too tight Call 9 -1 -1 if bleeding is severe! Never use a tourniquet unless you cannot control the bleeding! Chapter 2. 3 Salon Ecology First Aid

Bleeding and Wounds Beyond the Book Germs only cause disease, right? But a common bacterium, E. coli, found in the intestine helps us digest green vegetables and beans. These same bacteria also make Vitamin K, which causes blood to clot. If we didn’t have these germs we could bleed to death from a small cut. SFC

Burns Chemical Burns 1. Rinse away all traces of chemicals and remove any contaminated clothing 2. Cover burn loosely with clean, dry cloth 3. Refer person to medical personnel if necessary Chapter 2. 3 Salon Ecology First Aid

Burns Heat or Electrical Burns 1. If skin is not broken, immerse in cool water or gently apply cool compress 2. Do NOT break blister if one forms. Do NOT apply ointments or creams 3. If skin is broken or burn is severe, call 9 -1 -1. Do NOT clean wound. Cover burn loosely with clean, dry cloth Chapter 2. 3 Salon Ecology First Aid

Burns Beyond the Book First-degree burns - the skin is red, painful and very sensitive to touch. The damaged skin may be slightly moist from leakage of the fluid in the deeper layers of Depending on the depth of tissue the skin. damage, burns are classified as first, Second-degree burns - the damage is deeper and second, or third degree. blisters usually appear on the skin. The skin is still painful and sensitive. Third-degree burns - the tissues in all layers of the skin are dead. Usually there are no blisters. The burned surface can have several types of appearance, from white to black (charred) or bright red from blood in the SFC bottom of the wound. Because the skin nerves are damaged, the burn can be quite painless. www. webmd. com

Choking Determine if victim can talk or cough Make a thumbless fist Perform upward thrust Chapter 2. 3 Salon Ecology First Aid

Choking Beyond the Book These factors increase the risk of choking: • Talking while chewing • Drinking alcohol while eating • Wearing dentures SFC www. mayoclinic. com

Fainting 1. Lay victim down on back and allow plenty of fresh air 2. Reassure victim and apply cold compress to face 3. If victim vomits, roll onto side, keep windpipe clear Fainting victims regain consciousness almost immediately. If this doesn’t happen, the victim could be in serious danger and you should call 9 -1 -1 ASAP. Chapter 2. 3 Salon Ecology First Aid

Fainting Beyond the Book Common triggers of fainting include: • • Standing for long periods Dehydration Coughing Emotional Distress SFC www. mayoclinic. com

Eye Injury Chemical • Hold eyelids apart Cut, Scratch or Embedded Object and flush eyeball with lukewarm water for 15 -30 minutes; don’t let Get to an eye specialist or runoff flow into emergency the other eye room • Place gauze pad or immediately! cloth over both eyes and secure with bandage • Place gauze pad or cloth over both eyes and secure with a bandage • Do NOT try to remove an embedded object Chapter 2. 3 Salon Ecology First Aid

Eye Injury Beyond the Book Each business day, more than 2, 000 U. S. workers experience job-related eye injuries, with 10 to 20 percent of them disabling because of temporary or permanent vision loss. SFC http: //www. allaboutvision. com

First Aid Self-Check On a sheet of paper numbered 1 -6, answer the following questions. 1. You should use a tourniquet to stop bleeding. 2. Don’t lift cloth to see if bleeding has stopped. 3. Chemical burns should be treated by scrubbing with soap and hot water. Chapter 2. 3 Salon Ecology First Aid

First Aid Self-Check 4. To determine if someone is choking, check if victim can talk or cough. 5. When someone has fainted, reassure the victim and apply a cold compress to face. 6. If you have an embedded object in your eye, try to remove it. Chapter 2. 3 Salon Ecology First Aid

Know Chart As you correct your answers, evaluate your progress. Create a Know Chart with 2 columns. Place correct answers from the Self-Check under the “I Know” column. Then place incorrect answers under the “I Need to Study” column. CHART KNOW I Know: I Need to Study: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Chapter 2. 3 Salon Ecology First Aid

First Aid Self-Check Now check your work. Observe each of the False statements become True. 1. You should use a tourniquet to stop bleeding. Never use a tourniquet unless you cannot control the bleeding. Chapter 2. 3 Salon Ecology First Aid

First Aid Self-Check 2. Don’t lift cloth to see if bleeding has stopped. Chapter 2. 3 Salon Ecology First Aid

First Aid Self-Check 3. Chemical burns should be treated by scrubbing with soap and hot water. Treat chemical burns by rinsing away all traces of chemicals. Chapter 2. 3 Salon Ecology First Aid

First Aid Self-Check 4. To determine if someone is choking, check if victim can talk or cough. Chapter 2. 3 Salon Ecology First Aid

First Aid Self-Check 5. When someone has fainted, reassure the victim and apply a cold compress to face. Chapter 2. 3 Salon Ecology First Aid

First Aid Self-Check 6. If you have an embedded object in your eye, try to remove it. Do NOT try to remove an embedded object. Go to an eye specialist or emergency room immediately. Chapter 2. 3 Salon Ecology First Aid

Face the Facts Lessons Learned Bleeding and Wounds q Place cloth or gauze over wound apply pressure q If bleeding is severe, call 9 -1 -1 q When bleeding stops, secure cloth with a bandage q Never use a tourniquet unless you cannot control the bleeding Chapter 2. 3 Salon Ecology First Aid

Face the Facts Lessons Learned Chemical Burns q Rinse away chemicals and remove contaminated clothing from burn q Cover the burn with clean, dry cloth q Refer person to medical attention if necessary Chapter 2. 3 Salon Ecology First Aid

Face the Facts Lessons Learned Heat or Electrical Burns If skin is not broken, immerse burned area q q q in cool water or apply a cool compress Bandage with clean, dry cloth Don’t break blister if one forms Don’t apply ointments or creams Call 9 -1 -1 if burns are severe Chapter 2. 3 Salon Ecology First Aid

Face the Facts Lessons Learned Choking q Determine if victim can speak or cough and is getting enough air q If victim is not getting enough air, perform abdominal thrusts Chapter 2. 3 Salon Ecology First Aid

Face the Facts Lessons Learned Fainting q Lay victim down on his back and make sure he has plenty of fresh air q Reassure victim and apply a cold compress to face q If victim vomits, roll him on his side and keep the windpipe clear Chapter 2. 3 Salon Ecology First Aid

Face the Facts Lessons Learned Chemical Eye Injury q Flush the eyeball with lukewarm water for 15 -30 minutes. q Place a gauze pad or cloth over both eyes and secure with a bandage q Get to an eye specialist or emergency room immediately Chapter 2. 3 Salon Ecology First Aid

Face the Facts Lessons Learned Cut, Scratch or Embedded Object Eye Injury q Place gauze or cloth over both eyes q Don’t remove embedded object q Get to an eye specialist or emergency room immediately Chapter 2. 3 Salon Ecology First Aid

IT’S 2 U! Imagine you are in a restaurant and the person next to you is choking. You realize the need to take immediate action because you are the only one to notice the choking person. What do you do to help this person? Write your answers on a separate piece of paper. Chapter 2. 3 Salon Ecology First Aid

IT’S 2 U! Answers Possible Answer While making your way to the victim, yell for someone to call 9 -1 -1. Determine if the victim can talk or cough. Wrap your arms around the victim and perform an upward thrust. Chapter 2. 3 Salon Ecology First Aid

Salon Ecology Self-Test On a sheet of paper numbered 1 -12, answer the following questions. 1. Another term that means the same as germ or bacteria is: a. lice b. mite c. parasite d. microbe Chapter 2 Salon Ecology

Salon Ecology Self-Test 2. Which of the following is NOT a type of bacteria? a. bacilli b. spirilla c. parasite d. streptococci Chapter 2 Salon Ecology

Salon Ecology Self-Test 3. As bacteria absorb food, each cell grows in size and divides, resulting in how many new cells? a. two b. four c. six d. eight Chapter 2 Salon Ecology

Salon Ecology Self-Test 4. Universal precautions require the use of infection control procedures with which of the following clients? a. sick b. elderly c. children d. everyone Chapter 2 Salon Ecology

Salon Ecology Self-Test 5. Which of the following practices is NOT considered a level of infection control? a. sanitation b. disinfection c. sterilization d. bacteriology Chapter 2 Salon Ecology

Salon Ecology Self-Test 6. The term used to describe efforts to prevent the spread of disease and kill certain or all microbes is known as: a. first aid b. ventilation c. contamination d. infection control Chapter 2 Salon Ecology

Salon Ecology Self-Test 7. Which of the following descriptions identifies the type of container NOT appropriate for the storage of disinfected implements? a. dry b. open c. covered d. disinfected Chapter 2 Salon Ecology

Salon Ecology Self-Test 8. Implements that come in contact with the client must be: a. sanitized at the beginning of each day b. sanitized at the end of each day c. disinfected on a weekly basis d. discarded or disinfected after each client Chapter 2 Salon Ecology

Salon Ecology Self-Test 9. Most states have enacted what steps to encourage people to help others in emergency situations? a. life insurance b. malpractice insurance c. Good Samaritan Laws d. Social Security benefits Chapter 2 Salon Ecology

Salon Ecology Self-Test 10. Chemical burns should be treated by: a. applying a tourniquet b. applying a lotion or cream c. scrubbing with soap and hot water d. rinsing away all traces of chemicals Chapter 2 Salon Ecology

Salon Ecology Self-Test 11. A bleeding wound should be treated by: a. applying a tourniquet b. applying pressure with gauze and a gloved hand c. applying cold water to the wound d. applying warm water to the wound Chapter 2 Salon Ecology

Salon Ecology Self-Test 12. All of the following are steps to be followed if a victim is choking EXCEPT: a. determine if victim can speak b. lay victim on back c. wrap arms around chest d. perform abdominal thrusts Chapter 2 Salon Ecology

Salon Ecology Self-Test Time to check the self-test. 1. d. microbe 2. c. parasite 3. a. two 4. d. everyone 5. d. bacteriology 6. d. infection control Chapter 2 Salon Ecology

Salon Ecology Self-Test Time to check the self-test. 7. b. open 8. d. discarded or disinfected after each client 9. c. Good Samaritan Laws 10. d. rinsing away all traces of chemicals 11. b. applying pressure with gauze and a gloved hand 12. b. lay victim on back Chapter 2 Salon Ecology

y og l o c E n o l a : S Chapter 2 In conclusion. . . + • Microbi ology • Infectio n Control • First Ai d =