Chapter 2 Origins of American Government Section 1

Chapter 2: Origins of American Government Section 1

Objectives 1. Identify the three concepts of government that influenced the American colonies. 2. Explain the influence of three landmark English documents. 3. Describe three types of colonies that the English established in the American colonies. Chapter 2, Section 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 2

In Brief/Facts • American colonists/English settlers brought with them the English tradition of ordered, limited, and representative government. . • This tradition was based on landmark documents, including the Magna Carta, the Petition of Right, and the English Bill of Rights, which established basic concepts of government and rights of individuals. Chapter 2, Section 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3

In Brief/Facts (Continued) • The English established 3 types of colonial governments, all of which provided training for the colonists in the art of government: Royal, proprietary, and charter. Chapter 2, Section 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4

Enduring Understandings • Early colonists in America benefited from English traditions of government. • The colonies served as a school for learning about government. Chapter 2, Section 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 5

Essential Question • What ideas and traditions influenced government in the English Colonies? Note: You should be able to answer this accurately and thoroughly by the end of our studies of Chapter 2 – Section 1 – Origins of American Government. Chapter 2, Section 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 6

Key Terms • limited government: the idea that government is restricted in what it may do and that every individual has certain rights that government cannot remove • representative government: the idea that government should both serve and be guided by the will of the people; Officials selected by voters & held accountable in periodic elections. Chapter 2, Section 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 7

Key Terms • Magna Carta: the Great Charter signed in 1215 that limited the powers of the English king and guaranteed certain fundamental rights; Established that the power of the monarchy was not absolute & guaranteed trial by jury and due process of law to the nobility. Chapter 2, Section 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 8

. Key Terms • due process: protection against the unjust taking of life, liberty, or property; the government must act fairly and in accord with established rules in all that it does. – FYI: “This” clause in the 14 th Amendment of the Constitution guarantees that no state deny basic rights to its people. • Petition of Right: a document signed in 1628 that required the English king to obey the law of the land increased the influence of Parliament; Challenged divine right of kings. Chapter 2, Section 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 9

Key Terms • English Bill of Rights: a document signed in 1689 (by William & Mary) that required free elections and guaranteed many basic rights, such as due process and trial by jury, to all English citizens; designed to prevent the abuse of power. • charter: a written grant of authority from the king. Chapter 2, Section 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 10

Key Terms • bicameral: having two houses, as in a two -house legislature • proprietary: the name given to colonies organized and governed according to the will of a proprietor, a person granted land authority by the king • unicameral: having only one house, as in a one house legislature Chapter 2, Section 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 11

What ideas and traditions influenced government in the English Colonies? English customs and ideas about government, including: • The idea of ordered government – Need for orderly regulation of relationships between colonists. • The principle of limited government – Government is not all powerful • The principle of representative government – Government should serve the will of the people. Chapter 2, Section 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 12

What ideas and traditions influenced government in the English Colonies? English historical documents, including: • The Magna Carta • The Petition of Right • The English Bill of Rights Chapter 2, Section 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 13

What ideas & traditions influenced government in the English colonies? • Ordered government • Limited government • Representative government • Trial by jury • Due process • Private property • No cruel punishment Chapter 2, Section 1 • • No excessive bail Right to bear arms Right to petition No martial law in peacetime • No requirement to shelter troops • No levying of money without consent Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 14

Concepts of Government • The English colonists brought with them political ideas that had developed over centuries in England. – Some ideas, such as the rule of law, had roots in early Asian and African civilizations. • (i. e. Hammurabi’s Code; Old Testament of Bible - Eye for an Eye) – Other influences came from the ancient Romans, who occupied England. • (i. e. Legacy of law, religion, & custom) – Many key political ideas were written into landmark English documents. Chapter 2, Section 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 15

Key Political Concepts • Ordered government – Local governments should be divided into units and ruled by officers according to law. • (Sheriff, Justice of the Peace, Grand Jury, Counties, etc. ) • Limited government – Individual citizens have basic rights – There are limits on government power • Representative government Checkpoint Question that goes with this: ” What is representative government? ) – Government should serve the will of the people. In other words, people should have a say in what the government does or does not do. Chapter 2, Section 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 16

The Magna Carta • Signed by King John in 1215 • Created by English barons to put limits on the once absolute power of the King. – Guaranteed certain fundamental rights for the privileged, such as trial by jury and due process of law. Over time, these rights were extended to all English people. Chapter 2, Section 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 17

Explain why the barons forced King John to sign the Magna Carta • The barons wanted to protect themselves from heavy-handed and arbitrary acts by the king. – The document guaranteed trial by jury and due process of law. Chapter 2, Section 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 18

The Petition of Right • The Petition of Right was signed by King Charles I in 1628. – Banned the king from imprisoning or punishing people without first following the laws of the land. – Kept the king from declaring military rule in times of peace or making people house soldiers. – Required the consent of Parliament for taxation. Chapter 2, Section 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 19

The English Bill of Rights (There’s a Checkpoint Question that goes with this: What were the limitations of the English Bill of Rights? ) The English Bill of Rights was drawn up by Parliament in 1689 to prevent the abuse of power by all future monarchs. • Required the consent of Parliament for taxation and suspension of laws. • Promised the right to a fair trial, and to petition the monarchy to correct injustices. Chapter 2, Section 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 20

What were the limitations of the English Bill of Rights? LIMITED TO: • Prohibiting standing army in peacetime, suspension of laws, and taxes without consent of Parliament. • Banned excessive bail or fines and cruel punishment • Guaranteed right to free elections, to petition, to bear arms, trial by jury, and to due process. Chapter 2, Section 1 BUT did NOT guarantee: • No unreasonable searches & seizures • Freedom of speech, the press, nor of religion Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 21

American Rights • This chart compares the rights guaranteed by the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights with the freedoms listed in the Virginia Bill of Rights and the Bill of Rights in the U. S. Constitution. Chapter 2, Section 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 22

What do the Magna Carta, the Petition of Right, & the English Bill of Rights have in common? • Limited government • Trial by jury • Due process of Law Chapter 2, Section 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 23

Background Info – Early Colonial Governments The earliest English settlers in America recognized the need to establish orderly societies under the rule of law. Before the Mayflower landed in 1620, the Pilgrims signed the Mayflower Compact, an agreement to enact laws and abide by them for the general good of the colony. The government of Plymouth Colony was later based on this document. Chapter 2, Section 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 24

Background Info – Early Colonial Governments In 1639, the Puritans in Connecticut adopted the Fundamentals Orders of Connecticut, the first written constitution in the American colonies. - The plan of government set out the Fundamental Orders included * Representative legislature * Governor elected by male landowners. - Reflected ordered, limited, & representative government. Chapter 2, Section 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 25

Background Info – John Locke • The ideas of English philosopher John Locke were so radical that he could not publish his Treatises on Government until 1690, ten years after its completion. • Locke believed that all people are born with natural rights, including life, liberty, and property. – People established governments to protect those rights. Chapter 2, Section 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 26

Background Info – John Locke – If the government fails to do that, the people have the right to change the government. – This idea challenged the divine right of kings, and was used to justify the Glorious Revolution. • Locke’s ideas of natural rights, government by and for the people, and religious toleration greatly influenced the Framers of the US Constitution. Chapter 2, Section 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 27

The Thirteen Colonies • The colonies were established over a span of 125 years. – Virginia was the first colony, founded in 1607. – Georgia was the last, formed in 1733. • The similarities among the colonies ultimately outweighed their differences. – All shaped by English origins – Each colony was established on the basis of a charter granted by the king. – These charters granted some governing authority to the colonies and kept some for the king. Chapter 2, Section 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 28

Three Types of Colonies • Royal colonies were directly controlled by the king. • Proprietary colonies were run by a proprietor chosen by the king. • Charter colonies were run mainly by elected legislatures and were the most independent. – How many royal colonies were left at this time? How were royal colonies and charter colonies different? Chapter 2, Section 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 29

3 Types of Colonies: Royal Colonies (There is a Checkpoint question associated with this: What is the difference between a proprietary colony and a charter colony? ) • The governor was appointed by the king; the colony was directly controlled by the king. • MA (ME), NH, MA, NY, NJ, VA, NC, SC, GA • Eventually, the king named… – Governor – Colonies’ chief executive; had to approve all laws (and so did the king) – Council – Advisory board to royal governor Chapter 2, Section 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 30

3 Types of Colonies: Royal Colonies • Council (Continued) • Later became upper house of colonial legislature & colony’s highest court. » Lower house legislature – elected by property owners qualified to vote; Shared some powers with governor. Chapter 2, Section 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 31

3 Types of Colonies: Proprietary Colonies • • Run by the proprietor chosen by the king PA, DE, & MD Proprietor appointed governor These colonies were run much like royal colonies. • Of the proprietary colonies, Pennsylvania had an unusually democratic government with a unicameral legislature. Chapter 2, Section 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 32

3 Types of Colonies: Charter Colonies • Run mainly by elected legislatures and were most independent • CT & RI • Governors in charter colony were elected by property owning colonists and lacked veto power. • The elected bicameral legislature could pass laws without the approval of the king. • Judges were appointed by the legislature. • Virginia and Massachusetts each had their charters revoked, becoming royal colonies. • Charter colonies enjoyed the most freedoms. Chapter 2, Section 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 33

Checkpoint Question: What is the difference between a proprietary colony and charter colony? • Proprietary colonies were organized by, and the governor was appointed by, a proprietor to whom the king granted land. – The proprietor could set up the government as he saw fit. • Charter colonies were self-governing, and the governors were elected. – Charter colonies placed most of the power in the hands of the elected members of the colonial legislature. Chapter 2, Section 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 34

Do you agree? Why or why not? • The English Crown gave Connecticut and Rhode Island many freedoms not enjoyed by the other colonies. Do you agree with historians who say that the Revolution may have never happened if all colonies enjoyed the same freedoms? ” Why or why not? – Your answer should be backed up with evidence from the text. – Possible response: • Yes, I agree. Connecticut & Rhode Island essential governed themselves, while the governments of the other colonies were more restrictive… If the other colonies had been given representation and the ability to make their own laws, then perhaps they would not have objected to remaining part of Great Britain. Chapter 2, Section 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 35

Review • Now that you have learned what ideas and traditions influenced government in the English Colonies, go back and answer the Chapter Essential Question, “What ideas and traditions influenced government in the English Colonies? ” Another way to word the question: – How does the Constitution reflect the times in which it was written? Chapter 2, Section 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 36