Chapter 2 Nutrition Guidelines Applying the Science of

Chapter 2 Nutrition Guidelines: Applying the Science of Nutrition

Which is NOT legally required on a Nutrition Facts label? a) Kcalories from fat b) Grams of protein c) Kcalories from fiber d) Kcalories per serving Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nutrition Recommendations for the Modern Diet n n n People need to eat to survive; healthconscious people want to do more than survive! In the 1860 s, the Industrial Revolution induced the British government to make the first nutritional recommendations. Today, the World Health Organization makes international health recommendations. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Dietary Reference Intakes n n n Nutrition recommendations need to satisfy a variety of needs. Different types of dietary guidelines target different populations. The original dietary standards were the RDAs (Recommended Dietary Allowances). The Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are estimated to meet the nutrient needs of 97% healthy population group? Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Recommended Dietary Allowances were first published in 1920 1943 1965 1982 Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Which is the FALSE statement regarding RDAs? a) RDAs recommend amounts of nutrients that can serve as a goal for individual intake. b) The RDAs are one component of the DRIs. c) The EARs are derived from the RDAs. d) RDAs are often used in menu planning. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

The DRIs (Dietary Reference Intakes) are energy and nutrient recommendations that have replaced the RDAs. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Dietary Reference Intakes n DRIs have been developed for six nutrient groups: q q q Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D and fluoride B vitamins and choline Vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium and beta-carotene Energy and macronutrients Electrolytes and water Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Dietary Reference Intakes n n n DRIs are designed for planning and assessing diets of healthy people. Amounts recommended by DRIs are meant to promote good health and reduce incidence of chronic disease. The DRIs are not necessarily to be consumed every day but should be consumed on most days, as an average intake. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Dietary Reference Intakes: 4 Sets n The DRIs for macro- and micronutrients are listed in four different sets of values: q q Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is used to evaluate nutrient intakes of populations. Adequate Intakes (AI) recommend specific amounts of nutrients for individuals. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Dietary Reference Intakes: 4 Sets (cont’d) q q Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) also recommend specific amounts of nutrients for individuals. Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs) help with the prevention of nutrient toxicities. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Dietary Reference Intakes: Energy Recommendations n The DRIs make two types of energy intake recommendations: q q Estimated Energy Requirements (EERs) can be used to calculate kcalories needed to ensure a stable weight in a healthy individual. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs) are expressed as ranges, or proportions, of nutrients for healthy intake. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Which is not a goal of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)? Prescribing what a person should eat each day Prevention of nutrient deficiencies Promotion of healthful eating Reduction of chronic diseases Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Dietary Guidelines for Americans n The Dietary Guidelines for Americans is a set of diet and lifestyle recommendations designed to promote health and reduce chronic disease risks. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Dietary Guidelines for Americans Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Dietary Guidelines for Americans Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

My. Pyramid: Applying the Dietary Guidelines Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An impetus for the development of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans was the increased incidence of infectious diseases the prevalence of nutrient deficiencies chronic diseases, such as heart disease and diabetes, affecting a large segment of the population the discovery of more essential nutrients Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

My. Pyramid: Applying the Dietary Guidelines Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

The nutritional analysis of a diet that follows The My. Pyramid recommendations would most closely resemble which DRI group? a) EARs b) RDAs c) Ais d) ULs Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

My. Pyramid Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

My. Pyramid Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Estimated Energy Needs Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

My. Pyramid Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

My. Pyramid Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

To manage weight and prevent unhealthy weight gain, the My. Pyramid guide recommends 30 minutes three days of the week 30 minutes most days of the week 60 minutes 3 days of the week 60 minutes most days of the week Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

My. Pyramid: Applying the Dietary Guidelines Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Food Labels Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Daily Values are based on a ______ kcalorie diet. a) b) c) d) 1000 1500 2000 2500 Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Food Labels Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Food Values n n n Food labels list amounts of certain macroand micronutrients. These nutrients are expressed as Daily Value is the amount of a nutrient in a food shown as a percentage of the recommendation for a person consuming a 2000 kcalorie diet. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

How is the order in which ingredients are listed on a food label determined? a) By contribution to total weight b) By contribution to total volume c) By nutrient density d) In alphabetical order Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Food Labels Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Food Labels Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Descriptive terms such as low-fat or heart healthy are: regulated by the Center for Disease Control permitted on a deli menu as long as the establishment provides documentation for the claim defined by each manufacturer or processor required on all frozen foods Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

The descriptor, Healthy, can legally be used on a food product when the product contains adequate levels of at least one selected nutrient and is low in: a) fat, saturated fat, sodium, and cholesterol b) c) fat, fiber and protein fat, sugar and cholesterol d) fat, sodium and protein Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Dietary Supplement Labels Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Dietary Supplement Labels Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Dietary Supplement Labels Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Exchange Lists for Meal Planning n n The Exchange Lists for Meal Planning is a food group system used to plan diets and menus to meet specific energy and macronutrient needs. group foods according to macronutrient and energy content Developed by the American Dietetics Association and the American Diabetes Association Can be used to plan weight-loss, weight-gain and healthy diets Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Exchange Lists for Meal Planning Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Other Guidelines for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention n Healthy People Initiative: a health promotion program under the auspices of the US Public Health Service Objective is to help to increase the quality of life and healthy life span. Other guidelines include recommendations for people with specific needs, such as diabetes, heart disease, cystic fibrosis or cancer. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Assessing Nutritional Health n n Nutritional assessments can help individuals determine if their intake is healthy. Dietary Intake can be assessed in several ways: n n 24 -hour recall Food diary or food intake record Food frequency questionnaire Diet history Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Assessing Nutritional Health Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Analyzing Nutrient Intake n n To get a general nutritional “snapshot, ” individual nutrient intake can be compared to recommended intakes. Nutrient analysis tools can include: q q My. Pyramid Food labels Nutrient content tables Computer programs Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Additional Information Needed to Assess Nutritional Health ■In addition to nutrient intake, information about an individual’s physical health is needed. This can include: q q q Anthropometric measurements, such as height and weight Medical history and physical exam Laboratory measurements Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Stages of Nutrient Deficiency Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Chapter 2 Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted in section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without express permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Request for further information should be addressed to the. Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The purchaser may make back-up copies for his/her own use only and not for distribution or resale. The Publisher assumes no responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages caused by the use of these programs or from the use of the information herein. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.