Chapter 2 Lecture Earth Science Fourteenth Edition Matter

Chapter 2 Lecture Earth Science Fourteenth Edition Matter and Minerals Jennifer Mangan James Madison University © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks • Definition of a mineral – – Natural Inorganic Solid Possess an orderly internal structure of atoms – Have a definite chemical composition • Rock – any naturally occurring solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Rocks are Aggregates of Minerals © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Atoms: Building Blocks of Minerals • Atoms – Smallest particles of matter • Elements – Basic building blocks of minerals – Over 100 are known – Defined by their number of protons – Groups of the same type of atoms © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Periodic table of the elements © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Minerals • Physical properties of minerals – Habit – common crystal shape – Luster – appearance in reflected light – Color – Streak – color of mineral in powdered form – Hardness – ability to resist scratching or abrasion – Cleavage – tendency to break along planes of weak bonding © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Metallic Luster: Galena © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Color • Color can be unreliable due to variations. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Streak © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Crystal Shape, or Habit: Pyrite © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Hardness: Mohs Scale © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Cleavage: Micas © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Minerals • Physical properties of minerals – Fracture – random pattern of breakage – Specific gravity – mineral density – Tenacity – resistance to cutting, breaking, bending, and deformation © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Conchoidal fracture © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Minerals • Other properties – – – – Taste Smell Elasticity Malleability Double refraction Magnetism Feel Reaction with hydrochloric acid © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.