Chapter 2 Hazard Classification Objectives Describe the hazard
Chapter 2 Hazard Classification
Objectives Describe the hazard classification system. Apply the methods of hazard recognition and classification. Describe common industrial hazards found in the plant. Compare acute and chronic hazards. Describe the physical hazards associated with chemicals. Explain the activities that are associated with ergonomic hazards. Explain how biological hazards affect chemical technicians. Explain the principles of accident prevention. Analyze the principles of accident investigation. Describe the various types of ionizing radiation.
Hazard Classification The first step includes the proper instruction in the identification, handling, and use of hazardous substances. The second step, a critical one, includes the use of safety procedures in working with any of these substances.
Acute and Chronic Hazards Acute hazards have an immediate effect on workers, while chronic hazards has a delayed effect. Acute (immediate) poisons may be ingested, inhaled, injected, or absorbed. Chronic (delayed) hazards include asbestos fibers, coal dust, and toxic metals such as lead or manganese. Chronic hazards are cumulative and frequently occur over an extended period of time
Physical Hazards Physical hazards – as electrical, noise, radiation, or temperature. They are associated with chemicals and categorized as a combustible liquid, compressed gas, explosive, flammable gas/liquid, organic peroxide, oxidizer, pyrophoric acids, electrical, noise, radiation. Electrical energized equipment and systems: Electrical motors are used to drive pumps, compressors, generators, mixers, conveyors, fans, blowers, large valves, and a wide variety of other systems. Motor control centers (MCCs) are frequently used to turn equipment on and off. These substations have a variety of voltages coming in and out of local transformers.
Chemical hazards Often referred to as health hazards by process technicians. Categorized as: carcinogens, mutagens, teratogens, reproductive toxins, asphyxiation, anesthetic, neurotoxic, allergic response, irritants, sensitizers, corrosives, toxic, highly toxic, and target organ effects.
Ergonomic hazards Activities that require working in unusual or awkward positions for extended periods of time. This may include repetitive motions, monotony, work pressure, inability to match the standard of performance, console operations, or equipment and systems operation.
Biological hazards Any living organism capable of causing disease in humans. This includes insects, bacteria, fungi, and molds
Figure 2 -1 Classification of Hazardous Agents
Hazard Recognition The keys to accident prevention: (1) Determine the cause and (2) preventing its recurrence Accidents can be broken into four parts: 1. 2. 3. 4. Contributing cause Immediate cause The accident The consequences
The BP Deepwater Horizon Spill
Accident Prevention The basic principles include a safe working environment, safe work practices, and effective management. Plant managers are the central focus of safety program management. The first line supervisor has the greatest impact on a plant’s safety program.
Figure 2 -3 Accident Prevention
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