Chapter 2 Elasticity and Viscoelasticity Mechanical Testing Machine
- Slides: 39
Chapter 2 Elasticity and Viscoelasticity
Mechanical Testing Machine
Elastic Behavior Stress–strain curves in an elastic regime. (a) Linear elastic curve , typical for metals, ceramics, and some polymers. (b) Nonlinear elastic curve, typical for rubber.
Strain Energy Density
Shear Stress and Shear Strain (a) Specimen subjected to shear force. (b) Strain undergone by small cube in shear region. (c) Specimen (cylinder) subjected to torsion by a torque T.
Poisson’s Ratio (a) Unit cube being extended in direction Ox 3. (b) Unit cube subjected to tridimensional stress; only stresses on the three exposed faces of the cube are shown. Poisson’s ratio, ν, is the negative ratio of the transverse strain and longitudinal strain.
Generalized Hooke's Law
Mohr Circle (a) Biaxial (or bidimensional) state of stress. (b) Mohr circle construction, general orientation (c) Mohr circle and construction, principal stresses and maximum shear stresses (Method I).
Mohr Circle
Pure Shear
Hooke’s Law for Anisotropic Materials
Relations among Elastic Constants for Isotropic Materials
Elastic Compliance and Stiffness Matrixes
Compliance Matrix for a Cubic System
Relationships Among Elastic Constants Young’s modulus Shear modulus Bulk modulus Poisson’s ratio Lame΄ constants
Young’s Modulus of Monocrystalline Cu
Young’s Modulus Monocrystalline Zirconia
Young’s Modulus of Monocrystalline Zirconium
Voigt and Reuss Averages for Polycrystals Voigt average: isostrain Reuss average: isostress
Effect of Porosity on Young’s Modulus Watchman and Mackenzie:
Effect of Microcracks on Young’s Modulus
Effect of Microcracks on Young’s Modulus Salganik model O’connell & Budiansky model
Young’s Modulus of Polymers
Young’s Modulus of Polymers as a Function of Temperature
Viscoelasticity n = 0: plastic n = 1: linear viscous (Newtonian) n ≠ 1 : nonlinear
Viscosity and Fluidity Viscosity Fluidity
Viscoelasticity
Viscoelasticity Tensile storage modulus Tensile loss modulus
Rubber Elasticity
Stress-Strain Behavior of Biological Materials (a) Stress–strain response of human vena cava: circles-loading; squares-unloading. (Adapted from Y. C. Fung, Biomechanics (New York: Springer, 1993), p. 366. ) (b) Representation of mechanical response in terms of tangent modulus (slope of stress–strain curve) vs. stress. (Adapted from Y. C. Fung. Biomechanics, New York: Springer, 1993), p. 329. )
Residual Stresses in Arteries
Cartilage
Mesostructure of Cartilage (a) Mesostructure of cartilage (consisting of four zones) showing differences in structure as a function of distance from surface; the bone attachment is at bottom. (From G. L. Lucas, F. W. Cooke, and E. A. Friis, A Primer on Biomechanics (New York: Springer, 1999), p. 273. ) (b) Cross-section of human cartilage showing regions drawn schematically in (a). (Courtesy of K. D. Jadin and R. I. Sah. )
Mechanical Behavior of Superficial Zone of Cartilage Stress–strain curve for samples from the superficial zone of articular cartilage. Samples were cut parallel and perpendicular to collagen fiber orientation. (From G. E. Kempson, Mechanical Properties of Articular Cartilage. In Adult Articular Cartilage, ed. M. A. R. Freeman (London: Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons Ltd. , 1973), pp. 171– 228. )
Mechanical Testing of DNA
Force vs. Extension for DNA Molecule
Stresses in a Thin Film Effect of stresses in a thin film on bending of substrate; (a) tensile stresses in thin film; (b) compressive stresses in thin film.
Elastic Constant and Bonding Two atoms with an imaginary spring between them; (a) equilibrium position; (b) stretched configuration under tensile force; (c) compressed configuration under compressive force.
Attraction and Repulsion between Two Atoms (a) Interaction energies (attractive and repulsive terms) as a function of separation; (b) Force between two atoms as a function of separation; slope decreases as separation increases.
- Types of deformation of solids
- Example of viscoelastic material
- Chapter 5 elasticity and its application multiple choice
- Elasticity
- Actual mechanical advantage vs ideal mechanical advantage
- Positive negative testing
- Static testing and dynamic testing
- Chapter 4 section 3 elasticity of demand answers
- Lesson 3 elasticity of demand answers
- Chapter 4 section 3 elasticity of demand
- Westmoreland mechanical testing & research ltd
- Astm d 7078
- Wedge simple machine mechanical advantage
- Need of machine design
- Mechanical turing machine
- Machine elements in mechanical design 5th edition
- A machine that converts mechanical energy into electricity
- Mechanical machine
- Different types of pulleys
- Machine elements in mechanical design
- Domain testing example
- Logic based testing
- Du path testing
- Globalization testing in software testing
- Functional testing vs unit testing
- Cause effect graph for triangle problem
- Control structure testing in software engineering
- Decision table testing in software testing
- Decision table technique
- Blackbox testing
- Black-box testing disebut juga sebagai behavioral testing
- Decision table testing is white box
- Rigorous testing in software testing
- Testing blindness in software testing
- Component testing is a black box testing
- Types of domain testing
- Mealy and moore model
- Differentiate between simple machine and compound machine
- Universal testing machine working principle
- Price