CHAPTER 2 DIALYSIS IN MALAYSIA Goh Bak Leong

CHAPTER 2 DIALYSIS IN MALAYSIA Goh Bak Leong Lim Yam Ngo Ong Loke Meng Ghazali Ahmad Lee Day Guat Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Table 2. 1. 1(a): Stock and flow-Haemodialysis Patients 2004 -2013 2012 2013 Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 New haemodialysis patients 2610 2839 3284 3554 4035 4372 4715 5394 5789 5491 Died 1166 1333 1643 1756 1914 2279 2692 2915 3201 3014 Transplanted 146 100 96 72 90 96 87 87 64 54 Lost to Follow-up 12 13 35 15 10 25 39 64 61 116 10718 12181 13761 15532 17634 19698 21703 24098 26525 28822 Dialysing at 31 st December Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Table 2. 1. 1(b): Stock and flow- Chronic PD Patients 2004 -2013 Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 New chronic PD patients 291 316 397 516 569 548 537 615 752 731 Died 156 182 177 231 277 321 353 372 397 423 Transplanted 13 22 25 18 21 15 12 17 14 17 Lost to Follow-up 1 4 3 5 3 4 6 3 0 6 1124 1174 1317 1549 Dialysing at 31 st Dec 1750 1886 1989 2174 2546 2815 Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Table 2. 1. 1 (c): Haemodialysis Treatment Rate per million population 2004 -2013 Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Acceptance rate 101 107 122 131 147 157 167 189 197 185 Prevalence rate 414 460 513 571 640 706 768 844 904 970 Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Table 2. 1. 1 (d): Chronic PD Treatment Rate per million population 2004 -2013 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Acceptance rate 11 12 15 19 21 20 19 22 26 25 Prevalence rate 43 44 49 57 64 68 70 76 87 95 Year Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Table 2. 1. 2: Dialysis Treatment Rate by state, per million population 2004 -2013 State 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Pulau Pinang 211 196 212 216 200 248 265 303 323 303 Melaka 206 167 197 207 231 227 258 314 271 291 Johor 155 167 214 199 255 249 240 307 297 289 Perak 148 168 187 181 205 222 241 258 281 257 Selangor & Putrajaya 123 136 155 173 182 207 230 265 266 241 WP Kuala Lumpur 202 191 212 245 258 281 309 290 323 326 Negeri Sembilan 155 157 151 218 251 270 279 299 309 274 Kedah 98 111 119 134 173 161 160 209 233 230 Perlis 94 102 127 130 141 127 142 169 163 104 Terengganu 81 105 107 179 148 157 196 248 255 Pahang 75 90 124 119 145 142 179 182 249 191 Kelantan 65 78 78 94 85 112 99 124 163 130 Sarawak 73 72 86 106 118 123 118 130 134 159 Sabah & WP Labuan 47 45 61 68 96 94 94 108 106 Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Table 2. 1. 3(a) : Dialysis Treatment Rate by Gender, per million male or female population 2004 -2013 Gender 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Male 128 139 156 171 193 205 216 242 257 242 Female 110 111 133 144 159 169 181 207 216 207 Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Figure 2. 1. 3(a): Dialysis Treatment Rate by Gender 2004 -2013 Treatment rate, per million population Male Female 240 210 180 150 120 90 60 30 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Year Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Table 2. 1. 3(b): Gender Distribution of Dialysis Patients 2004 -2013 2012 2013 Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 New Dialysis patients 2901 3155 3681 4070 4604 4920 5252 6009 6541 6222 % Male 55 57 55 55 56 56 55 55 56 55 % Female 45 43 45 45 44 44 45 45 44 45 11842 13355 15078 17081 19384 21584 23692 26272 29071 31637 % Male 55 55. 4 55 54. 8 55 55. 1 54. 9 54. 6 54. 7 54. 5 % Female 45 44. 6 45 45. 2 45 44. 9 45. 1 45. 4 45. 3 45. 5 Dialysing at 31 st December Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Figure 2. 1. 3(b): Gender Distribution of Dialysis Patients 2004 -2013 (ii) patients at 31 st December (i) New Dialysis patients Male Female 60 Proportion of patients 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Female 50 40 30 20 10 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Year Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Table 2. 1. 4 (a): Dialysis Treatment Rate by Age Group, per million age group population 2004 -2013 Age groups (years) 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 ≤ 14 5 6 6 8 7 7 6 6 15 -24 27 30 32 32 30 35 32 33 33 38 25 -34 47 51 60 60 70 71 81 84 82 78 35 -44 109 104 131 119 146 134 139 154 184 179 45 -54 300 290 452 393 400 419 463 522 468 55 -64 579 641 663 759 813 861 940 1038 979 ≥ 65 659 673 815 853 975 1032 1026 1191 1175 1053 Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Treatment rateper million population Figure 2. 1. 4 (a): Dialysis Treatment Rate by Age Group 2004 -2013 1200 1000 800 600 400 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 year Age group 1 -14 years Age group 25 -34 years Age group 45 -54 years Age group >=65 years 2010 2011 2012 Age group 15 -24 years Age group 35 -44 years Age group 55 -64 years Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Table 2. 1. 4 (b): Percentage Age Distribution of Dialysis Patients 2004 -2013 Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 New Dialysis patients 2901 3155 3681 4070 4604 4920 5252 6009 6541 6222 % 1 -14 years 1 1 1 1 1 % 15 -24 years 4 4 4 3 3 2 2 3 % 25 -34 years 7 6 6 6 6 6 % 35 -44 years 13 12 11 11 12 10 10 10 % 45 -54 years 25 24 26 25 25 24 24 23 % 55 -64 years 27 30 28 29 31 31 31 32 % >=65 years 23 23 25 24 25 27 24 26 26 25 Dialysing at 31 st Dec 11842 13355 15078 17081 19384 21584 23692 26272 29071 31637 % 1 -14 years 1 1 1 1 1 % 15 -24 years 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 % 25 -34 years 11 11 10 10 10 9 9 9 % 35 -44 years 18 17 16 16 16 15 15 14 14 14 % 45 -54 years 26 26 26 % 55 -64 years 24 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 27 % >=65 years 15 16 18 17 17 18 17 19 19 19 Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Figure 2. 1. 4 (b): Age Distribution of New Dialysis Patients 2004 -2013 (i) New Dialysis Patients Age group 1 -24 years Age group 35 -44 years Age group 55 -64 years Age group 25 -34 years Age group 45 -54 years Age group >=65 years 100 Proportion of patients 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12 '13 Year Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

(ii) Dialysing patients at 31 st December Age group 25 -34 years Age group 45 -54 years Age group >=65 years Age group 1 -24 years Age group 35 -44 years Age group 55 -64 years 100 Proportion of patients 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 Year '09 '10 '11 '12 '13 Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Table 2. 1. 5: Method and Location of Dialysis Patients 2004 -2013 2012 2013 Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 New Dialysis patients 2901 3155 3681 4070 4604 4920 5252 6009 6541 6222 % Centre HD 90 89 89 87 87 88 89 89 88 87 % Home and office HD 0 1 1 1 1 % PD 10 10 11 12 12 11 10 10 11 12 12516 14010 16129 18105 20473 23235 25243 27934 27999 33885 % Centre HD 88 89 89 89 90 89 89 % Home and office HD 1 1 1 1 1 % PD 11 10 10 10 9 10 10 Dialysing at 31 st Dec Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Figure 2. 1. 5: Method and Location of Dialysis Patients 2004 -2013 (i) New Dialysis Patients Centre HD Home and office HD CAPD 100 Proportion of patients 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

ii) Dialysing patients at 31 st December Centre HD Home and office HD CAPD 100 90 Proportion of patients 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Table 2. 1. 6: Funding for Dialysis Treatment 2004 -2013 2012 2013 Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 New Dialysis patients 2879 3140 3669 4049 4585 4884 5190 5984 6463 6139 % by Government 53 56 56 57 57 60 59 60 57 52 % by Charity 13 12 11 10 11 12 12 15 % self funded 29 28 29 30 30 26 28 26 29 31 % subsidized by Employer 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 % Others 3 3 1 1 2 2 1 1 12516 14010 16129 18105 20473 23235 25243 27934 27999 33885 % by Government 53. 4 55. 3 57. 1 57. 4 58. 1 58. 9 59. 3 59. 6 59. 7 58. 2 % by Charity 12. 9 11. 8 11. 5 11. 6 11. 7 12 12 12. 7 % self funded 30. 1 28. 3 27. 4 27. 6 26. 8 26. 7 26. 2 26. 4 27 1 1. 2 1. 7 1. 6 1. 7 1. 4 1. 6 1. 7 2. 6 2. 3 1. 9 1. 6 1. 1 1. 0 0. 9 0. 6 0. 2 0. 4 Dialysing at 31 st Dec % subsidized by Employer % Others Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Figure 2. 1. 6: Funding for Dialysis Treatment 2004 -2013 (i) New Dialysis Patients Government funded Employer subsidy Charity Others Self funded 100 Proportion of patients 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

ii) Dialysing patients at 31 st December Government funded Employer subsidy Charity Others Self funded 100 Proportion of patients 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Table 2. 1. 7: Distribution of Dialysis Patients by Sector 2004 -2013 Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 New Dialysis patients 2900 3152 3677 4069 4604 4918 5249 6002 6541 6210 % Government centre 33 35 33 33 32 30 28 28 27 25 % NGO centre 30 27 29 26 25 25 22 22 19 20 % Private centre 37 38 38 41 43 45 50 50 54 55 Dialysing at 31 st Dec 11842 13355 15078 17081 19384 21584 23692 26272 29071 31637 % Government centre 39 38 38 36 35 34 32 31 30 29 % NGO centre 31 30 29 29 28 28 27 26 25 24 % Private centre 30 32 33 35 37 38 41 43 45 47 Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Figure 2. 1. 7: Distribution of Dialysis Patients by Sector 2004 -2013 (i) New Dialysis Patients Public centre NGO centre Private centre 100 Proportion of patients 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

(ii) Dialysing patients at 31 st December Public centre NGO centre Private centre 100 Proportion of patients 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 Year '09 '10 '11 '12 '13 Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Table 2. 1. 8: Primary Renal Diseases 2004 -2013 Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 New Dialysis patients 2901 3155 3681 4070 4604 4920 5252 6009 6541 6222 % Unknown cause 25 23 23 25 26 26 27 28 22 17 % Diabetes Mellitus 53 55 57 57 57 58 58 57 59 61 % GN/SLE 6 7 5 5 4 4 4 3 % Polycystic kidney 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 % Toxic Nephropathy 0 0 0 0 0 % Hypertension 10 9 9 9 8 12 16 % Others 3 3 3 1 1 0 0 2 1 1 % Obstructive Nephropathy Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Figure 2. 1. 8: Primary Renal Diseases for New Dialysis Patients 2004 -2013 Diabetes Mellitus Unknown cause Toxic Nephropathy, Hypertension & Others GN and SLE Polycystic kidney Obstructive Nephropathy 100 Proportion of patients 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Table 2. 2. 1: Number and density of Dialysis Centres in Malaysia by State and Sector, Year 2004 to 2013 Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Figure 2. 2. 1(a): Number of Dialysis Centre in Malaysia by Sector, 2004 to 2013 Public Private NGO Number of Dialysis Centre 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Figure 2. 2. 1(b): Number of Dialysis Centre in Malaysia by State and Sector in 2013 Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Table 2. 2. 2: Number and density of HD centres in Malaysia by State and Sector, 2004 -2013 Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Table 2. 2. 3: Number and density of PD centres in Malaysia by State and Sector, 2004 -2013 Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Table 2. 2. 4: Number and density of HD machines in Malaysia by State and Sector, 2004 -2013 Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Figure 2. 2. 4(a): Number of HD machines in Malaysia by Sector from Year 2004 to 2013 Public Private NGO 4000 3500 Number of HD machine 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 year Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Figure 2. 2. 4(b): Number of HD machines in Malaysia by State and Sector in Year 2013 Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Table 2. 2. 5: Number and Prevalence Rate of Dialysis Patients (HD & PD) in Malaysia by State and Sector, 2004 -2013 Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Figure 2. 2. 5(a): Number of Dialysis Patient (HD+PD) in Malaysia by Sector from 2004 -2013 Public Private NGO 14000 Number of Dialysis Patients 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 year 2010 2011 2012 2013 Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Figure 2. 2. 5(b): Number of Dialysis Patient (HD+PD) in Malaysia by State and Sector in 2013 Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Table 2. 2. 6: Number and Prevalence Rate of Hemodialysis Patients in Malaysia by State and Sector, 2004 -2013 Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Table 2. 2. 7: Number and Prevalence Rate of PD Patients in Malaysia by State and Sector, 2004 -2013 Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Table 2. 2. 8: HD Capacity to Patient Ratio among HD Centres in Malaysia by State and Sector, 2004 -2013 Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Figure 2. 2. 8(a): HD Capacity to Patient Ratio among HD Centres in Malaysia by State and Sector, 2004 -2013 Public Private NGO 2. 4 2. 3 HD Capacity to Patient Ratio 2. 2 2. 1 2 1. 9 1. 8 1. 7 1. 6 1. 5 1. 4 1. 3 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 year 2010 2011 2012 2013 Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Figure 2. 2. 8(b): HD Capacity to Patient Ratio among HD Centres in Malaysia by State and sector, 2013 Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Table 2. 2. 9: Number & density of Certified Dialysis Nurses/ Medical technicians in Malaysia by State and Sector, 2004 -2013 Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Figure 2. 2. 9(a): Number of Certified Dialysis Nurses/ Medical technicians in Malaysia by Sector, 2004 -2013 Public Private NGO Number of Nurses/Medical Technicians 1200 1000 800 600 400 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 year 2010 2011 2012 2013 Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR

Figure 2. 2. 9(b): Number of Certified Dialysis Nurses/ Medical technicians in Malaysia by State and Sector, 2013 Source: 21 st MDTR Report 2013, NRR