Chapter 2 Communicating Across Cultures 2014 by Mc
Chapter 2 Communicating Across Cultures © 2014 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
Chapter Overview • Why cross-cultural communication is critical to business • Dimensions of cultural difference – Body positions and movements – Factors of human relationships • Problems of language • Advice for communicating across cultures • Enhancing cross-cultural communication skills © 2014 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may 2 -2 not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
Why Cross-Cultural Communication? • Technological advances, such as interactive and mobile communication, have fueled globalization. • Effective international communication helps you design products that meet global market needs and win business. • Successful communication with international coworkers improves workplace productivity. • Communicating with those from other cultures enriches your business and personal life. © 2014 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may 2 -3 not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
What Is Culture? “The collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one category of people from another. ” --Dutch sociologist Geert Hofstede’s definition of culture Do you agree? How would you define culture? © 2014 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may 2 -4 not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
Culture: Questions for Discussion • What is culture? • What kinds of factors have influenced national cultures? • How have the Internet and increasing global trade affected cultural differences? • Why are people able to do business across different cultures? What do businesspeople have in common the world over? • What is ethnocentrism and how does it impair cross-cultural business relations? © 2014 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may 2 -5 not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
Factors Impacting Culture • Topography • History • Religion Sensitivity to these factors helps you avoid ethnocentrism. © 2014 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may 2 -6 not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
Different Meanings of Body Language • The body (bowing, standing) • Did you know squatting is a very common business practice in some countries? • Head movement • Shaking the head “yes” or “no” means little in some cultures. • Hand gestures • The “peace” sign is considered vulgar in Australia, and the “OK” sign is insulting in Russia, Germany, and Brazil! © 2014 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may 2 -7 not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
Handshakes Across Cultures • Americans—firm, 5 -7 pumps • Germans—brusque, firm single pump • French—light, quick, not offered to superiors, may include a double kiss • British—soft, 3 -5 pumps • Arabs—gentle, long-lasting, sometimes with kisses on both cheeks © 2014 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may 2 -8 not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
Factors of Human Relationships • • Time Space Odors Frankness Social hierarchy Workplace values Expressions of emotion © 2014 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may 2 -9 not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
Three Theoretical Frames • Edward T. Hall • High-Context vs. Low-Context • Geert Hofstede • • Power Distance Individualism vs. Collectivism Masculinity vs. Femininity Long-Term vs. Short-Term Orientation • Richard D. Lewis • Linear-Actives, Multi-Actives, and Reactives © 2014 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may 2 -10 not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
Business Communication Differences • Your textbook was written for U. S. readers. • Guidelines for writing messages may not apply to all cultures: • The British prefer a direct approach to negative messages. • Asian cultures may view our communication style as too direct. • Even social networking preferences vary from culture to culture. © 2014 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may 2 -11 not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
Problems of Language • Lack of Language Equivalency • Difficulties with English – Multiple meanings of words – Two-word verbs – Slang and colloquialisms – Culturally derived words/phrases © 2014 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may 2 -12 not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
Multiple Meanings of Words Possible meanings of run: • To move fast • To compete for office • A score in baseball • A break in a stocking • A fading of colors Can you think of more? © 2014 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may 2 -13 not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
Two-Word Verbs Two-Word Verb Substitute act out demonstrate keyed up excited, nervous live down remove, overcome go after pursue get around prevent, avoid tie down hold, secure track down search, find © 2014 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may 2 -14 not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
Tips: Communicating Cross-Culturally • • Do your research. Know yourself and your company. Be aware—and wary—of stereotypes. Adapt your English to your audience. – Talk or write as simply and clearly as possible. – Word questions carefully. – Use continuous confirmation. • Be open to change. © 2014 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may 2 -15 not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
- Slides: 15