CHAPTER 2 BASIC HOUSE DESIGNS AT 201 Introduction

CHAPTER 2 BASIC HOUSE DESIGNS AT – 201 Introduction to Architecture Dan Trent August 28, 2015 1

OBJECTIVES � � Identify four basic house designs Explain the advantages of each house design Recognize the disadvantages of each house design Explain the variations of split level designs 2

KEY TERMS � � � � � Attic Basement Crawl Space Daylight Basement Dormer Footprint Habitable Space Intermediate Level Living Level One-and-One-Half � � � � � Story One-Story Ranch Shotgun House Slab Construction Sleeping Level Split Entry Split-Level Square Foot Two-Story Walkout Basement 3

One-Story Designs � � All regular living space is on one level Built over a � Slab – walls rest on a foundation with a concrete floor at ground level � Crawl Space – An area of less than full height, located at or below ground level. Used for maintenance and storage � Basement – full height area located fully or partially below ground level. Used for utilities, storage or extra living space 4

One story RANCH design 5

One-Story Designs � Advantages � All living space is on one level � Opportunities for indoor/outdoor living Patio Porch Terrace Opportunities for indoor/outdoor living Windows along perimeter walls bring outdoor surroundings inside making interiors appear larger § Lends itself easily to expansion and remodeling § 6

One-Story Designs � Disadvantages � Costs more to build than similar houses with the same square footage Larger lot Additional roof area Longer foundation � Large footprint requires a large lot on which to build Footprint = the area of land occupied by the building 7

One-Story Designs � Shotgun house � Traditional style from southern states � Long rectangular plan in which all rooms are in line and directly connect to one other from the front to the back of the house � Name comes from the idea that if you were to fire a gun through the front door, the bullet would travel straight through all the rooms and exit the back door 8

One-and-One-Half Story � One story design with a tall, wide roof that allows for expansion of living space into the attic � Attic = the space between the ceiling and the roof of a structure 9

One-and-One-Half Story � Dormers are projecting structures on a roof that have walls, a front-facing window and a roof 10

One-and-One-Half Story � The amount of habitable space into the attic is determined by the width and height of the house � Habitable Space = the total living area in a building 11

ADVANTAGES � � � Enhances the look of the exterior Provides light and additional useable space in the attic area Occupies less ground than a one story house that has the same living space Versatile – Can be adapted to various styles Flexible – Can be built with attic unfinished deferring cost until the space is needed 12

DISADVANTAGES � � � Additional building costs (stairs, dormers, more complicated roofs) Less mobility (stairs) Low ceilings (head room) along perimeter Limited window space on second level More difficult maintenance due to additional height 13

TWO-STORY DESIGN � Two story house has two full levels of living space 14

TWO-STORY DESIGN � Advantages � Smaller “footprint” with the same amount of living space � More economical to build (2 floors, one roof) � Privacy – bedrooms usually upstairs away from living space � Lower heating/cooling costs � More economical to build 2 floors, one roof plumbing and wiring “bundled” Some components can be centrally located 15

TWO-STORY DESIGN � Disadvantages q. Stairs q. Difficult exterior maintenance (gutters, painting) 16

SPLIT LEVEL DESIGN 17

SPLIT-LEVEL DESIGN � As the name suggests, is a multi-level house that solves the problem of a sloping or hilly lot by shifting floor levels to accommodate the site “split” into multiple levels 18

SPLIT-LEVEL DESIGN � Advantages � Little or no hall space required � Minimal excavation of site reduces building cost � Disadvantages � There may be heating/cooling challenges � Stairs 19

Four-level split design � 4 Levels of usable space � Basement Daylight basement = similar to regular basement except that the topography allows the placement of windows on an exterior wall Walkout basement = similar, but has an entry that provides access to the outdoors (basement level garage) � Intermediate level = the level above the garage (recreation area, garage, family room, etc. ) � Living level = above intermediate level (kitchen, dining room , living room, bathroom, etc. ) � Sleeping level = Highest level. Bedrooms, bathrooms 20

Three-level split design � 3 Levels of usable space – no basement level � Intermediate level = the lowest level (recreation area, garage, family room, laundry, etc. ) � Living level = above intermediate level (kitchen, dining room , living room, bathroom, etc. ) � Sleeping level = Highest level. Bedrooms, bathrooms 21

Split entry design � 2 Levels of usable space separated by the entrances foyer stairway � The main living area is on the top floor, and a secondary living area or basement is on the lower level. � Essentially a one story house with a raised basement � Also known as a bi-level or raised ranch 22

SPLIT-LEVEL LAYOUTS � There are three variations � Side by side � Front to back � Back to front � 23

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QUESTIONS (for YOU) � � � List 4 basic residential house designs Identify 5 advantages of the ranch style house List 5 disadvantages of the ranch style house A one-and-one-half story house can be recognized by its ___________ , which often has ______ to allow light into the attic Traffic circulation must be planned for maximum efficiency of _______ 26

QUESTIONS? Thank you for your attention! 27