Chapter 2 Basic Exercise Science Human Movement Systems

Chapter 2: Basic Exercise Science

Human Movement Systems: • Nervous system: communication network of billions of cells • Skeletal system: framework composed of bones and joints • Muscular system: series of interconnected muscles attached to bones via tendons and ligaments. • Endocrine system: hormone secretion operating mainframe.

Nervous System: Functions • Three (3) primary functions: • Sensory function: ability of the nervous system (NS)to sense changes in the internal and external environment. • Internal: stretch placed on a specific muscle • External: the change form walking on the sidewalk to walking on sand • Integrative function: • Ability to analyze and interpret information to allow for proper decision making to produce the appropriate response. • Motor function: • Neuromuscular response to the sensory information

Nervous System: Two (2) main parts • Peripheral Nervous System: • Cranial and spinal nerves that spread throughout the body • Sensory neurons: • Transmits impulse FROM muscles and organs • Motor neurons: • Transmits impulse TO muscles and organs

Nervous System: Movement Receptors • Muscle spindles: • Receptors sensitive to change in the length of the muscle and the rate of that change • Golgi tendon organs: • Receptors sensitive to change in the tension of the muscle and the rate of that change • Joint receptors: • Receptors surrounding a joint that respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of the joint.

Skeletal System: • Bones: • Provides a resting ground for muscles and protects vital organs • Joints: • Junctions of bones, muscles, and connective tissue at which movement occurs.

Types of Joints: • Nonsynovial: sutures of the skull • Synovial: knee • Gliding: carpals of hand • Condyloid: knee • Hinge: elbow • Saddle: carpo-metacarpal • Pivot: radioulnar • Ball-and-socket: shoulder

Joint Connective Tissue: • Ligament: • Primary connective tissue that connect bones together and provides stability, input to the nervous system, guidance, and the limitation of improper joint movement.

Joint Connective Tissue: • Ligament: • Primary connective tissue that connect bones together and provides stability, input to the nervous system, guidance, and the limitation of improper joint movement.

Skeletal System: