Chapter 2 Anatomy of Respiration Perry C Hanavan

Chapter 2 Anatomy of Respiration Perry C. Hanavan, Au. D

Vertebral Column • • Vertebrae (video) Vertebral column Vertebrae Cervical – Atlas and Axis • Thoracic – 12 pair of ribs articulate • Lumbar • Sacral • Coccyx

Vertebra

Question Which of the following best describes curvature of the spine away from the midline or sideways? A. Kyphosis B. Lordosis C. Scoliosis D. None of the above

Vertebral Disorders Kyphosis Lordosis Scoliosis

Vertebral Disorders

Disc Problems

Vertebral Disorders

Question How many ribs do humans normally have? A. 12 B. 24 C. 16 D. Varies from human to human E. Adam is missing one

Ribs • Bony thorax (anterior view) • Bony thorax (posterior view) • 12 pair of ribs: – True Ribs – ribs 1 -7; these are attached directly to the sternum through their own costal cartilages. – False Ribs – ribs 8 -10; their costal cartilages are joined to the rib just above them so their attachment to the sternum is indirect – Floating Ribs – ribs 11 -12; these ribs attach to vertebrae, but not to the sternum so they float on one end

Rib Cage During Respiration • • Dr. Michael Parker Demo 2 Dr. Michael Parker Demo 3 Rib

Question Term that means breastbone? A. Corpus B. Xiphoid C. Sternum D. Clavicle

Sternum • Sternum (breastbone) – Manubrium - handle – Corpus - body – Xiphoid - sword • Rib and clavicular articulations

Scapula • Scapula – shoulder blade

Clavicle • Clavicle – collar bone

Pelvis • Pelvic girdle - basin

Question If a person where to aspirate an object, it is most likely to fall into this lung: A. Right B. Left C. Depends on age of person D. Equal odds falling into either

Lungs • Lungs – 2 lungs • Right – 3 lobes • Left – 2 lobes – Mediastinum • Cardiac notch

Question Two terms mean windpipe…one Latin and the other Greek (select 2 answers) A. Trachea B. Bronchi C. Alveoloi D. Larynx E. Pharynx

Lungs

Bronchial Passageway • • • Trachea Bronchi Secondary bronchi Tertiary bronchi Alveoli

Trachea and Bronchi • Trachea – • Bronchi – • Alveoli -O 2 and Co 2 are exchanged at the alveoli. There about 300 million alveoli which are encapsulated in capillaries. The surface of the alveolus is composed of a thin layer of squamous epithelial cells with cuboidal cellsinterspersed among them.

Pleural Linings • Thoracic linings – parietal pleurae • Mediastinal pleura • Pericardial • Diaphragmatic • Costal • Apical • Visceral

Muscles of Inspiration • • • • Diaphragm External intercostal Internal intercostal Levator costarum Serratus posterior superior Sternocleidomastoid Scalenus Trapezius Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor Serratus anterior Subclavius Levator scapulae Rhomboideus major Rhomboideus minor

Diaphragm • Dome shaped muscle innervated by two phrenic nerves. • When diaphragm contracts during normal breathing, the dome descends l-2 cm and as much as l 0 cm during deep inspiration.

Intercostals

Intercostals

Neck Muscles

Neck Inspiratory Muscles

Anterior • Pectoralis • Serratus anterior • Subclavius

Anterior Inspiratory Muscles

Posterior Muscles • Levatores costarum • Serratus posterior superior • Levator scapulae • Rhomboideus • Latissimus dorsi

Posterior Inspiratory Muscles

Posterior Muscles of Inspiration

Muscles of Expiration • • • Internal intercostal Transversus thoracis Subcostal Serratus posterior inferior Innermost intercostal Latissimus dorsi Internal oblique abdominis External oblique abdominis Rectus abdominis Quadratus lumborum

Anterior Expiratory Muscles

Anterior Expiratory Muscles

End Chapter 2 Study