Chapter 19 Section 1 Main Ideas Main Idea

Chapter 19; Section 1 Main Ideas Main Idea #1: Industrialization had major impacts on everyday life Main Idea #2: Agriculture saw major changes in methods and land distribution Main Idea #3: Coal is the new energy resource

Crash Course n http: //youtu. be/zh. L 5 DCizj 5 c

Chapter 19; Section 1 Notes n n n Section 1; Dawn of the Industrial Age started in Britain and was a slow, long, and uneven process Life Changes as Industry Spreads: people bought their goods, travel distances and speeds increased (steamship / train), and new products poured out between 1830 -1855 Agriculture Spurs Industry as the first and second agricultural revolution improved quality and quantity of goods ¨ Farming Methods Improve (led by the Dutch) as new technology and farming practices grew; The Enclosure movement, process of consolidating farm land into one large farm (smaller farmers lost their land) ¨ Population Multiplies (5 to 9 million between 1700 to 1800 in Britain; Europe increased 60 million between 1700 -1800) due to the agricultural revolution

Enclosure Movement… Part II…. n How does this represent Part II of the Enclosure movement? n Instead of buying the land, what does Wal*Mart and Home Depot do?

Chapter 19; Section 1 Notes n New Technology Becomes Key through new sources of energy and materials, which changed the way work was done ¨ An Energy Revolution: coal, water pumps, and steam engines ¨ The Quality of Iron Improves: Darby used coal to smelt (separate iron from ore), which produced a better quality and less expensive iron (new iron was used in a variety of ways)

ENERGY SOURCES 1. What connections can you make with this video and industrial revolution? 2. What effect could the Bloom Box have in other areas of society?

Section 1 Activity… Causes of the Industrial Revolution… Cause of Industrialization Industrial Revolution

n*Similarities Between the Causes of the Industrial Revolution and the Information Revolution Section 1 Activity… Causes of the Information Revolution… Internet, Google, Yahoo, Bing, AOL, Smart Phones, Nintendo, Xbox *Similarities Between the Causes of the Industrial Revolution and the Information Revolution ? ? ? Connections, Thoughts, Similarity: _________________ n What will be the next great revolution? ? ? ________

Chapter 19; Section 1 Main Ideas Main Idea #1: Industrialization had major impacts on everyday life Main Idea #2: Agriculture saw major changes in methods and land distribution Main Idea #3: Coal is the new energy resource

Chapter 19; Section 2 Main Ideas Main Idea #1: Britain industrialized 1 st Main Idea #2: Textile Industry developed 1 st Main Idea #3: Factories developed 2 nd Main Idea #4: Transportation Revolution developed 3 rd Examples: Turnpikes, Canals, Locomotives

Chapter 19; Section 2 Notes Section 2; Britain Leads the Way as the agricultural revolution aided in the population boom and left many farmers homeless and jobless, which would lead to the development of cities and industrialization n Why Britain? There are several reasons, mainly natural resources, demand, and capital n

n The Textile Industry Advances / develops first in the industrial revolution through the puttingout system / cottage industry ¨ Inventions Speed Production as Kay invented the “flying shuttle” (machine which weaved the cotton), Hargreaves invented the “spinning jenny” (machine which spun the threads), and Arkwright patented the water frame (which was a spinning machine powered by water) ¨ Factories Are Born in Britain as large sheds were built near a power source (rivers, and later steam) and workers came to the machines

n The Transportation Revolution was created out of necessity as entrepreneurs needed faster and cheaper ways to move goods and resources (turnpikes, canals, and bridges became common in Britain and other industrialized regions) ¨ Canals Boom was created when the Bridgewater canal cut the price of coal in half in Manchester, eventually canals lost their importance as steam locomotives made railroads the new preferred form of transportation ¨ Welcome the Steam Locomotive by Stephenson and the first major rail line was from Liverpool to Manchester in England (1830), and by 1870 rail lines crisscrossed Britain, Europe, and North America

Section 2 Activity… Transportation Revolution Examples Effect on Economy Effect on Society Effect on Environment Turnpikes Positive or Negative Canals Positive or Negative Steam Locomotive Positive or Negative Automobiles & Semi-Trucks Positive or Negative Electric Cars Positive or Negative High Speed Trains Positive or Negative n. For each topic circle whether or not you believe the effect is positive or negative n. Be able to defend / support your answers with evidence

1 st – Textiles, 2 nd – Factories, 3 rd - Transportation See, Think, Wonder Activity…. *What connection do you see regarding textiles, factories, and transportation in the early 1900 s? *What do you think possible cause / effect connections are there for the information revolution? *In what areas do you wonder the next revolution be in?

Chapter 19; Section 2 Main Ideas Main Idea #1: Britain industrialized 1 st Main Idea #2: Textile Industry developed 1 st Main Idea #3: Factories developed 2 nd Main Idea #4: Transportation Revolution developed 3 rd Examples: Turnpikes, Canals, Locomotives

Chapter 19; Section 3 Main Ideas Main Idea #1: The Middle Class and Working Class were created Main Idea #2: Life in the factories was harsh Pay, Hours, Child Labor Main Idea #3: Results of Industrialization on Society had many positives and negatives

n Section 3; Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution made a few people wealthy, but most lived a life of poverty and harsh living conditions (although the worst abuses would be curbed), but eventually industrialization increased the standard of living and all levels of society would benefit from industrialization

n People Move to New Industrial Cities (urbanization) due to changes in farming, soaring population, and an increasing demand for workers which led to dramatic changes in the location and distribution of labor and people (first existence of pollution as people describe a “cloud of coal vapor” and the stench of the river in Manchester, England)

n New Social Classes Emerge: Middle Class (owned and operated factories, mines, and railroads living a comfortable life) & Working Class (farmers who lost their land, and became factory and mine workers living a harsh life) ¨ The Industrial Middle Class included investors and inventors (some a rags to riches story) who lived a well-furnished life (women of the middle class did not leave the home, but rather focused on raising children) ¨ The Industrial Working Class lived in tiny rooms called tenements (multistory buildings divided into apartments with no running water, and no sewage or sanitation systems)

n Life in the Factories and Mines imposed a harsh new way of life on workers ¨ Factory Workers Face Harsh Conditions: long hours (12 -16 hrs, 6 -7 days a week), schedule set by the factory, breaks only when the owner gave permission, many accidents occurred / lack of safety, poor working conditions (air pollution), more women were hired rather than men (half pay, and easier to manage) ¨ Miners Face Worse Conditions as the demand for iron and coal doubled as they worked in darkness, coal dust destroyed their lungs, constant dangers of injury, and children were exploited due to their small size ¨ Children Have Dangerous Jobs started as low as age 7 or 8 (some cases 5) as their small bodies were perfect for some of the factory and mine work; child labor was a must for working class families in order to eat n Eventually child reform acts were passed (“Factory Acts”) in the early 1800 s (reduce workday to 12 hrs, & set age limits at 8 or 9 to work) n The Results of Industrialization can be viewed as a blessing or a curse: hardships, reformed laws, labor unions, working-class gained the right to vote, low pay, dismal living conditions, demand for goods grew, new factories opened up creating more jobs, wages slowly rose

Compass Points Activity… N= S= E= W = What is worrisome N= W= S= E=

Section 3 Activity… Impacts of Industrialization Benefits Challenges

Chapter 19; Section 3 Main Ideas Main Idea #1: The Middle Class and Working Class were created Main Idea #2: Life in the factories was harsh Pay, Hours, Child Labor Main Idea #3: Results of Industrialization on Society had many positives and negatives

Chapter 19; Section 4 Main Ideas Main Idea #1: Government Systems / Theories… Utilitarianism – “the greatest happiness for the greatest number” Socialism – everyone would own and operate the means of production Utopianism - some government intervention, and “greatest happiness for the greatest number” Communism – a small group controls economic and political decisions Main Idea #2: Economic Systems / Theories… Market Economy – Supply & Demand pushes economic decisions (also called free market, free enterprise, capitalism) Centrally Planned Economy – government makes economic decisions (also called a command economy, socialist, or communist economy) Mixed Economy – is a mix of a market economy & centrally planned economy

n n Section 4; New Ways of Thinking saw many heirs to the enlightenment look for natural laws that governed the world of business and economics Laissez-Faire (“hands-off” approach, no government intervention in the economy) Economics was embraced in the early 1800 s; Adams Smith was the main proponent of laissez-faire economics in his book The Wealth of Nations (believed a free-market would benefit everyone / all levels of society by lowering prices and encourage capitalists to reinvest); best example of laissez-faire was the success of the industrial revolution, which the government had no part of ¨ Recardo Shares View in his “Iron Law of Wages” as wages increased families had more children rather than raise the standard of living Symbol, Color, Slogan Activity….

n Utilitarians for Limited Government by Bentham sought to justify some government interaction based in the idea / the goal of society should be “the greatest happiness for the greatest number” of its citizens (weighing decisions based on how much pleasure or pain it would bring) Symbol, Color, Slogan Activity….

n Socialist Thought Emerges believing people as a whole rather than private individuals would own and operate the means of production (farms, factories, railways, and other large businesses that produced and distributed goods); Socialism grew out of the Enlightenment faith in progress and human nature concerning social justice Symbol, Color, Slogan Activity….

n Karl Marx Explains Class Struggles as he created a new theory “scientific socialism” and claimed it was based on scientific study of history and teamed up with Engels (another German socialist) ¨ They wrote The Communist Manifesto in 1848 predicting a class struggle between the “haves” / bourgeoisie and “have-nots” / proletariat (working class), and the proletariat would win the struggle and take over the means of production and set up a classless society Symbol, Color, Slogan Activity….

Section 4 Activity… Government System Utilitarianism Socialism Utopianism Communism Basic Concept In terms of Parenting, what does this look like?

Economic System Market Economy Centrally Planned Economy Mixed Economy Basic Concept In terms of a typical family structure, what does each economic structure look like?

Chapter 19; Section 4 Main Ideas Main Idea #1: Government Systems / Theories… Utilitarianism – “the greatest happiness for the greatest number” Socialism – everyone would own and operate the means of production Utopianism - some government intervention, and “greatest happiness for the greatest number” Communism – a small group controls economic and political decisions Main Idea #2: Economic Systems / Theories… Market Economy – Supply & Demand pushes economic decisions (also called free market, free enterprise, capitalism) Centrally Planned Economy – government makes economic decisions (also called a command economy, socialist, or communist economy) Mixed Economy – is a mix of a market economy & centrally planned economy