Chapter 19 Civil Liberties First Amendment Freedoms Section
Chapter 19: Civil Liberties: First Amendment Freedoms Section 4
Objectives 1. Explain the Constitution’s guarantees of assembly and petition. 2. Summarize how government can limit the time, place, and manner of assembly. 3. Compare and contrast the freedom-ofassembly issues that arise on public versus private property. 4. Explore how the Supreme Court has interpreted freedom of association. Chapter 19, Section 4 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 2
Key Terms • assemble: to gather with one another • civil disobedience: the act of violating the law in an intentional but nonviolent way to protest a law or public policy • content neutral: a requirement that allows the government to regulate assemblies based on time, place, and manner of assembly but not on the basis of what might be said • right of association: the right to join with others to promote political, economic, and social causes Chapter 19, Section 4 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3
Introduction • How has the Supreme Court ruled on assembly and petition cases? – In general, the Court protects the right of peaceful assemblies and petitions. – Governments have the right to set rules on how, when, and where assemblies can take place, including requiring permits. – People do not have the right to trespass or to assemble or petition on private property. Chapter 19, Section 4 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4
Constitutional Guarantees • The 1 st Amendment guarantees the right to peaceful assembly and to petition the government. • The 14 th Amendment’s Due Process Clause extends these rights to citizens of every state. • The Constitution does not protect assemblies or petitions that endanger life, property, or public safety. Chapter 19, Section 4 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 5
Examples • Assemblies include public demonstrations as well as organizations such as political parties and interest groups. • Petitions can include letters, lobbying, and advertisements. • Peaceful marches and parades are protected forms of assembly. Chapter 19, Section 4 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 6
Civil Disobedience • Civil disobedience involves knowingly breaking the law in a nonviolent way to protest a law or public policy. • The courts have held as a general rule that civil disobedience is not a constitutionally protected right. – Those who take part in civil disobedience must accept the legal consequences of their actions. Chapter 19, Section 4 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 7
Limits on Assembly • Checkpoint: How has the Supreme Court limited the time, place, and manner of assembly? – Governments can decide when, where, and how assemblies can take place in order to keep the public peace. – Government rules must be specific and fairly administered. – Government rules must also be content neutral. They cannot regulate gatherings based on what might be said. Chapter 19, Section 4 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 8
Public Demonstrations • Demonstrations tend to take place in public places such as streets, sidewalks, parks, or public buildings. • This can conflict with the normal use of these facilities or streets. • The subject of a demonstration can also lead to public arguments. • The Supreme Court thus allows governments to require advance notice and permits for demonstrations on public property. Chapter 19, Section 4 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 9
Gregory v. Chicago, 1969 • In 1969, a group marched from Chicago’s city hall to the mayor’s house to protest segregation in the city’s schools. – A crowd of several hundred bystanders gathered to protest against and throw objects at the marchers. – The police, fearing violence, arrested the marchers for disorderly conduct when they refused to leave. – The Court ruled that the violent bystanders, not the peaceful marchers, were disturbing the peace. Chapter 19, Section 4 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 10
Other Court Cases • Anti-abortion groups often hold demonstrations to try to discourage women from going to abortion clinics. • The Supreme Court has ruled that judges and state laws may impose buffer zones limiting how close demonstrators may come to clinics. • These measures fall within the government’s power to limit how, when, and where assemblies take place. Chapter 19, Section 4 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 11
Private Property • People do not have the right to assemble or petition on private property without permission. – No one has the absolute constitutional right to hand out leaflets or ask for petition signatures in a shopping mall. – However, the courts can rule that shopping center owners should give permission for the reasonable exercise of the right to petition. Chapter 19, Section 4 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 12
Private and Public Property • The right to peacefully demonstrate on public property is constitutionally guaranteed, yet demonstrations on private property are not constitutionally guaranteed. – Why has the Court ruled differently on public and private property demonstrations? Chapter 19, Section 4 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 13
Freedom of Association • Checkpoint: What is the right of association? – The right to join with others to promote political, economic, and social causes. – It has been upheld as a constitutional right by the Supreme Court. People cannot be fired for belonging to associations and do not have to reveal them to practice law. – Associations do not have to accept members if doing so would contradict the beliefs of the association. Chapter 19, Section 4 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 14
Review • Now that you have learned how the Supreme Court has ruled on assembly and petition cases, go back and answer the Chapter Essential Question. – How can the judiciary balance individual rights with the common good? Chapter 19, Section 4 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 15
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