CHAPTER 19 c THE BLOOD VESSELS Copyright 2010

CHAPTER # 19 (c) THE BLOOD VESSELS Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

R. external carotid artery R. axillary R. internal carotid artery R. vertebral R. common carotid – right side of head and neck R. subclavian – neck and R. upper limb Brachiocephalic – head, neck, and R. upper limb Arteries of R. upper limb L. external carotid artery L. internal carotid artery L. common carotid – left side of head and neck L. vertebral L. subclavian – neck and L. upper limb Aortic arch L. axillary Arteries of L. upper limb Ascending aorta – L. ventricle to sternal angle L. and R. coronary arteries Thoracic aorta T 5 – T 12 (diaphragm) L. ventricle of heart Parietal branches Visceral branches Mediastinal – posterior mediastinum Esophageal – esophagus Bronchial – lungs and bronchi Pericardial – pericardium Posterior intercostals – intercostal muscles, spinal cord, vertebrae, pleurae, skin Superior phrenics – posterior and superior diaphragm Diaphragm Visceral branches Gonadal – testes or ovaries Suprarenal – adrenal glands and Renal – kidneys Superior and inferior mesenterics – small intestine – colon Abdominal aorta T 12 (diaphragm) – L 4 Celiac trunk – liver – gallbladder – spleen – stomach – esophagus – duodenum R. common iliac – pelvis and R. lower limb Arteries of R. lower limb Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Parietal branches Inferior phrenics – inferior diaphragm Lumbars – posterior abdominal wall Median sacral – sacrum – coccyx L. common iliac – pelvis and L. lower limb (a) Schematic flowchart Arteries of L. lower limb Figure 19. 21 a

Arteries of the head and trunk Internal carotid artery External carotid artery Common carotid arteries Vertebral artery Subclavian artery Brachiocephalic trunk Aortic arch Ascending aorta Coronary artery Thoracic aorta (above diaphragm) Celiac trunk Abdominal aorta Superior mesenteric artery Renal artery Gonadal artery Common iliac artery Inferior mesenteric artery Internal iliac artery (b) Illustration, anterior view Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Arteries that supply the upper limb Subclavian artery Axillary artery Brachial artery Radial artery Ulnar artery Deep palmar arch Superficial palmar arch Digital arteries Arteries that supply the lower limb External iliac artery Femoral artery Popliteal artery Anterior tibial artery Posterior tibial artery Arcuate artery Figure 19. 21 b

R. and L. anterior cerebral arteries R. middle cerebral artery Ophthalmic artery Superficial temporal artery Maxillary artery Anterior communicating artery Cerebral arterial circle R. and L. posterior communicating arteries R. posterior cerebral artery Basilar artery R. and L. vertebral arteries Occipital artery Facial artery R. and L. internal arteries Lingual artery Superior thyroid artery R. and L. external carotid arteries R. and L. common carotid arteries R. and L. subclavian arteries Brachiocephalic trunk Aortic arch (a) Schematic flowchart Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 19. 22 a

Ophthalmic artery Basilar artery Vertebral artery Internal carotid artery External carotid artery Common carotid artery Thyrocervical trunk Costocervical trunk Subclavian artery Axillary artery Branches of the external carotid artery • Superficial temporal artery • Maxillary artery • Occipital artery • Facial artery • Lingual artery • Superior thyroid artery Larynx Thyroid gland (overlying trachea) Clavicle (cut) Brachiocephalic trunk Internal thoracic artery (b) Arteries of the head and neck, right aspect Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 19. 22 b

Anterior Frontal lobe Optic chiasma Cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) • Anterior communicating artery • Anterior cerebral artery • Posterior communicating artery • Posterior cerebral artery Basilar artery Middle cerebral artery Internal carotid artery Mammillary body Temporal lobe Pons Occipital lobe Vertebral artery Cerebellum Posterior (d) Major arteries serving the brain (inferior view, right side of cerebellum and part of right temporal lobe removed) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 19. 22 d

R. vertebral artery Thyrocervical trunk Suprascapular artery R. common carotid artery L. vertebral artery L. subclavian artery R. subclavian artery Axillary artery Thoracoacromial artery (pectoral branch) Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries Brachial artery Deep artery of arm Aortic arch Costocervical trunk Brachiocephalic trunk Internal thoracic artery Anterior Posterior intercostal arteries Lateral thoracic Descending thoracic aorta artery Subscapular artery Anastomosis Common interosseus artery Radial artery Ulnar artery Deep palmar arch Metacarpal arteries Superficial palmar arch (a) Schematic flowchart Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Digital arteries Figure 19. 23 a

Vertebral artery Thyrocervical trunk Suprascapular artery Costocervical trunk Thoracoacromial artery Axillary artery Posterior circumflex humeral artery Anterior circumflex humeral artery Subscapular artery Brachial artery Deep artery of arm Common interosseous artery Common carotid arteries Left subclavian artery Right subclavian artery Brachiocephalic trunk Posterior intercostal arteries Anterior intercostal artery Internal thoracic artery Descending aorta Lateral thoracic artery Radial artery Ulnar artery Deep palmar arch Superficial palmar arch Digital arteries (b) Illustration, anterior view Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 19. 23 b

Diaphragm Abdominal aorta Inferior phrenic arteries Celiac trunk L. gastric artery Common hepatic artery Splenic artery Middle suprarenal arteries R. colic artery Renal arteries Gonadal arteries Lumbar arteries (a) Schematic flowchart. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Gastroduodenal R artery R. gastroepiploic artery L. gastroepiploic artery Middle Intestinal arteries colic artery Superior mesenteric artery Inferior mesenteric artery R. gastric artery Hepatic L artery proper Ileocolic artery Sigmoidal arteries L. colic artery Superior rectal artery Median sacral artery Common iliac arteries Figure 19. 24 a

Liver (cut) Inferior vena cava Celiac trunk Diaphragm Esophagus Common hepatic artery Hepatic artery proper Gastroduodenal artery Right gastric artery Gallbladder Left gastric artery Stomach Splenic artery Pancreas (major portion lies posterior to stomach) Right gastroepiploic artery Superior mesenteric Duodenum Abdominal aorta Left gastroepiploic artery Spleen (b) The celiac trunk and its major branches. The left half of the liver has been removed. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 19. 24 b

Hiatus (opening) for inferior vena cava Hiatus (opening) for esophagus Adrenal (suprarenal) gland Kidney Celiac trunk Abdominal aorta Lumbar arteries Ureter Median sacral artery Diaphragm Inferior phrenic artery Middle suprarenal artery Renal artery Superior mesenteric artery Gonadal (testicular or ovarian) artery Inferior mesenteric artery Common iliac artery (c) Major branches of the abdominal aorta. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 19. 24 c

Celiac trunk Transverse colon Superior mesenteric artery Aorta Branches of the superior mesenteric artery • Middle colic artery • Intestinal arteries • Right colic artery • Ileocolic artery Ascending colon Right common iliac artery Inferior mesenteric artery Branches of the inferior mesenteric artery • Left colic artery • Sigmoidal arteries • Superior rectal artery Descending colon Ileum Cecum Sigmoid colon Appendix Rectum (d) Distribution of the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. The transverse colon has been pulled superiorly. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 19. 24 d

Abdominal aorta Superior gluteal artery Internal iliac artery Inferior gluteal artery Internal pudendal Medial circumflex femoral artery Lateral circumflex femoral artery Deep artery of thigh Common iliac artery Obturator artery External iliac artery Femoral artery Adductor hiatus Arterial anastomosis Popliteal artery Anterior tibial artery Posterior tibial artery Fibular (peroneal) artery Dorsalis pedis artery Lateral plantar artery Arcuate artery Dorsal metatarsal arteries (a) Schematic flowchart Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Lateral plantar artery Medial plantar artery Plantar arch Plantar metatarsal arteries Figure 19. 25 a

Common iliac artery Internal iliac artery Superior gluteal artery External iliac artery Deep artery of thigh Lateral circumflex femoral artery Medial circumflex femoral artery Obturator artery Femoral artery Adductor hiatus Popliteal artery Anterior tibial artery Posterior tibial artery Fibular artery Dorsalis pedis artery Arcuate artery Dorsal metatarsal arteries (b) Anterior view Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 19. 25 b

Popliteal artery Anterior tibial artery Posterior tibial artery Lateral plantar artery Medial plantar artery Fibular artery Dorsalis pedis artery (from top of foot) Plantar arch (c) Posterior view Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 19. 25 c

Veins of R. upper limb R. axillary R. external jugular – superficial head and neck R. vertebral – cervical spinal cord and vertebrae R. subclavian – R. head, neck, and upper limb Intracranial dural venous sinuses R. internal jugular – dural venous sinuses of the brain Same as R. brachiocephalic – R. side of head and R. upper limb L. brachiocephalic – L. side of head and L. upper limb Superior vena cava – runs from union of brachiocephalic veins behind manubrium to R. atrium Azygos system – drains much of thorax R. atrium of heart Diaphragm Inferior vena cava – runs from junction of common iliac veins at L 5 to R. atrium of heart R. suprarenal (L. suprarenal drains into L. renal vein) – adrenal glands R. gonadal (L. gonadal drains into L. renal vein) – testis or ovary R. common iliac – pelvis and R. lower limb (a) Schematic flowchart Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Veins of R. lower limb L. , R. , and middle hepatic veins – liver L. and R. renal veins – kidneys Lumbar veins (several pairs) – posterior abdominal wall L. common iliac – pelvis and L. lower limb Veins of L. lower limb Figure 19. 26 a

Veins of the head and trunk Dural venous sinuses External jugular vein Vertebral vein Internal jugular vein Right and left brachiocephalic veins Superior vena cava Great cardiac vein Hepatic veins Splenic vein Hepatic portal vein Renal vein Superior mesenteric vein Inferior vena cava Inferior mesenteric vein Veins that drain the upper limb Subclavian vein Axillary vein Cephalic vein Brachial vein Basilic vein Median cubital vein Ulnar vein Radial vein Digital veins Veins that drain the lower limb External iliac vein Femoral vein Great saphenous vein Common iliac vein Popliteal vein Internal iliac vein Posterior tibial vein Anterior tibial vein (b) Illustration, anterior view. The vessels of the pulmonary circulation are not shown. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Small saphenous vein Dorsal venous arch Dorsal metatarsal veins Figure 19. 26 b

Superior sagittal sinus Inferior sagittal sinus Occipital vein Superficial temporal vein Straight sinus Transverse sinus Ophthalmic vein Cavernous sinus Facial vein Posterior auricular vein Sigmoid sinus Internal jugular vein External jugular vein Vertebral vein Superior thyroid vein Middle thyroid vein Brachiocephalic veins Subclavian vein (a) Schematic flowchart Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Superior vena cava Figure 19. 27 a

Superficial temporal vein Occipital vein Posterior auricular vein External jugular vein Ophthalmic vein Facial vein Vertebral vein Internal jugular vein Superior and middle thyroid veins Brachiocephalic vein Subclavian vein Superior vena cava (b) Veins of the head and neck, right superficial aspect Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 19. 27 b

Superior sagittal sinus Falx cerebri Inferior sagittal sinus Cavernous sinus Straight sinus Confluence of sinuses Transverse sinuses Sigmoid sinus Jugular foramen Right internal jugular vein (c) Dural venous sinuses of the brain Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 19. 27 c

Subclavian Internal vein jugular vein External Brachiocephalic Axillary jugular veins vein Superior vena cava Accessory hemiazygos vein Median cubital vein Azygos Hemiazygos vein Brachial vein Right and left posterior intercostal veins Cephalic vein Radial vein Median antebrachial vein Basilic vein Ulnar vein Deep palmar venous arch Metacarpal veins (a) Schematic flowchart Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Superficial palmar venous arch Digital veins Figure 19. 28 a

Brachiocephalic veins Right subclavian vein Axillary vein Brachial vein Cephalic vein Basilic vein Median cubital vein Median antebrachial vein Internal jugular vein External jugular vein Left subclavian vein Superior vena cava Azygos vein Accessory hemiazygos vein Hemiazygos vein Posterior intercostals Inferior vena cava Ascending lumbar vein Cephalic vein Basilic vein Radial vein Ulnar vein Deep palmar venous arch Superficial palmar venous arch Digital veins (b) Anterior view Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 19. 28 b

Cystic vein Hepatic portal system Inferior vena cava Inferior phrenic veins Hepatic portal vein Superior mesenteric vein Splenic vein Suprarenal veins Renal veins Inferior mesenteric vein Gonadal veins Lumbar veins R. ascending lumbar vein L. ascending lumbar vein Common iliac veins External iliac vein (a) Schematic flowchart. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Internal iliac veins Figure 19. 29 a

Hepatic veins Inferior vena cava Right suprarenal vein Right gonadal vein Inferior phrenic vein Left suprarenal vein Renal veins Left ascending lumbar vein Lumbar veins Left gonadal vein Common iliac vein Internal iliac vein External iliac vein (b) Tributaries of the inferior vena cava. Venous drainage of abdominal organs not drained by the hepatic portal vein. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 19. 29 b

Inferior vena cava (not part of hepatic portal system) Hepatic veins Liver Hepatic portal vein Small intestine Gastric veins Spleen Inferior vena cava Splenic vein Right gastroepiploic vein Inferior mesenteric vein Superior mesenteric vein Large intestine Rectum (c) The hepatic portal circulation. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 19. 29 c

Internal iliac vein Inferior vena cava Common iliac vein External iliac vein Femoral vein Small saphenous vein Fibular (peroneal) vein Dorsal venous arch Great saphenous vein Popliteal vein Anterior tibial vein Femoral vein Small saphenous vein Fibular (peroneal) vein Posterior tibial vein Dorsalis pedis vein Plantar veins Deep plantar arch Dorsal Digital veins metatarsal veins Anterior Posterior (a) Schematic flowchart of the anterior and posterior veins Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 19. 30 a

Common iliac vein Internal iliac vein External iliac vein Inguinal ligament Femoral vein Great saphenous vein (superficial) Popliteal vein Small saphenous vein Fibular vein Anterior tibial vein Dorsalis pedis vein Dorsal venous arch Dorsal metatarsal veins Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. (b) Anterior view Figure 19. 30 b

Great saphenous vein Popliteal vein Anterior tibial vein Fibular vein Small saphenous vein (superficial) Posterior tibial vein Plantar veins Deep plantar arch (c) Posterior view Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Digital veins Figure 19. 30 c