Chapter 19 20 Verb Review 1 When we

Chapter 19 & 20

Verb Review 1. When we refer to the tense of the verb, we mean the _____ time when the action occurs. 2. The action of a present tense verb present but the happens in the ____ action of an imperfect tense verb past was happening in the _____.

3. 4. The imperfect tense in Latin is -baindicated by the tense sign _______ which appears before the personal endings -m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt Exceptions to this rule are the sum, esse irregular verbs ______ and ______ possum, posse which have the -era- in their imperfect letters ______ forms.

Activity 1: Conjugate the following verb in the present and imperfect tense. duco, ducere, duxi, ductus Latin singular English singular 1 st: 2 nd: 3 rd: Latin plural English plural

Tenses: Present: Caupo mussat. The innkeeper mutters. Imperfect: Caupo mussabat. The innkeeper was muttering. Perfect: Caupo mussavit. The innkeeper muttered.

The perfect tense may also refer to an action that someone has completed of present time: Servus meus alium tibi paravit. My slave has prepared another bed for you.

Perfect Endings!! singular plural 1 st: -i = I -imus = we 2 nd: -isti = you -istis = you all 3 rd: -it = he, she, it -erunt = they Marcus slaves

How to form the perfect tense: 1. drop the -i from the 3 rd principal part + perfect endings intro, intrāre, intravi, intratus mitto, mittere, misi, missus 3 rd principal part intrav- 3 rd principal part mis- In many verbs, the stem for the perfect tense endings in -v-, -s-, -u-, -x-, or -d-.

duco, ducere, duxi, ductus Latin singular English singular Latin plural English plural 1 st: duxi I led, I have led duximus we led, we have led 2 nd: duxisti you led, you have led duxistis you all led, you all have led 3 rd: duxit he led, he has led duxerunt they led, they have led

Principal Parts of Verbs When we refer to a Latin verb, we normally give the four principal parts, from which all forms of that verb may be derived. Since Chapter 10 you have been seeing the first two principal parts of verbs in vocabulary lists. All four principal parts of the verb paro are: paro: 1 st person, singular, present tense =I prepare, I am preparing, I do prepare parāre: present infinitive = to prepare paravi: 1 st person, singular, perfect tense = I prepared, I have prepared, I did prepare paratus: perfect passive participle = having been prepared, prepared

1 st: present lacrimo infinitive perfect lacrimāre lacrimavi participle meaning lacrimatus to cry, weep 2 nd: habeo habēre habui habitus to have, hold 3 rd: mitto mittere misi missus to send 3 rd –io: iacio iacere ieci iactus to throw 4 th: audio audīre audivi auditus to hear, listen

1. 2. 3. In future vocabulary lists, the principal parts of verbs in the 1 st, 2 nd and 4 th conjugations that follow set patterns will appear as follows: paro, -āre, -avi, atus to prepare habeo, -ēre, -ui, -itus to have, hold audio, -īre, -ivi, -itus to hear, listen There is not set pattern for 3 rd conjugation verbs. Their principal parts will be given in vocabulary lists in full: duco, ducere, duxi, ductus to lead The principal parts of irregular verbs will be given in full with the notation irreg. : sum, esse, fui, futurs to be eo, īre, ivi, itus to go

Activity 3: Conjugate the following verbs in the perfect tense. Latin singular English singular 1 st: 2 nd: 3 rd: Latin plural English plural

Activity 4: Translate into English 1. Cornelius erat sollicitus quod omnes cauponae erant periculosae et multi caupones erant scelesti. Cornelius was worried because all inns were dangerous and many innkeepers were wicked. 2. 3. In magnam cauponam tamen intravit et cauponem obesum bonam cenam parāre iussit. He entered into the large inn however and ordered the fat innkeeper to prepare a good dinner. Cornelius cum omnibus viatoribus cenabat. Cornelius was dining with all the travelers.

4. 5. 6. Subito Aurelia gemuit quod cubiculum sordidum erat. Suddenly Aurelia groaned because the bedroom was dirty. Mox servi cauponis lectum meliorem in cubiculum poratverunt. Soon the slaves of the innkeeper carried a better bed into the bedroom. Cornelii uxor defessa cubitum īre poterat. The tired wife of Cornelius was able to go to bed.

Activity 5 - Supply the appropriate perfect tense endings, and then translate. 1. Ubi tunica Sexti in ramis haerebat; nos omnes imus ris_____. When the tunic of Sextus was stuck in the branches; we all laughed 2. Quo ivit Cornelia? Ego et Marcus patrem imus hoc(this) rogav_____, sed ille(he) nihil it respond_____. Where has Cornelia gone? Marcus and I asked father this, but he replied nothing.

3. it Quamquam Sextus fu_____ molestus, servi erunt eum non verberav_____. Although Sextus was/has been annoying, the slaves have not beat him. 4. istis Ubi heri fu_____, Marce et Cornelia? Pater erunt et mater nos iuss_____ hic manēre. Where were you all/have you all been, Marcus and Cornelia? Father and mother ordered us to stay here.

5. istis Postquam vos cenav_____, cubitum īre istis volu_____. After you all dined, you all wanted to go to bed. 6. isti Tune Cornelium vid_______, ubi tu Romam isti i adven_______? Ego certe eum non vid______. Have you seen/Did you see Cornelius, when you arrived to Rome? I certainly have not seen/did not see him.