Chapter 19 1854 1861 A house divided against

Chapter 19 1854 -1861 “A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free. ” -Abraham Lincoln, 1858

Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe Introduced the cruelty of slavery to the Northern States Stowe said later that “God wrote it” Millions were published in different languages Lincoln addressed her as “the little woman who started this great war”.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin continued While being beaten Uncle Tom exclaimed “No! no! My soul an’t yours, Mas’r! You haven’t bought it, - ye can’t buy it! It’s been bought and paid for by one that is able to keep it, - no matter, you can’t harm me!” “I can’t”, said Legree, with a sneer; “we’ll see, -we’ll see! Here, Sambo, Quimbo, give this dog such a breakin’ in as he won’t get over, this month!”

The Impending Crisis of the South Written by Hinton R. Helper The book was written to prove non-slave holders were the ones who suffered from slavery The book was banned from the south and widely read in the north Said to have “Dirty Illusions The south hosted “Book Burning Parties” were thousands of copies were burned at a time.

New England Emigrant Aid Company More than 2, 000 people fled to the south in hopes of ending slavery. “We cross the prairies as of old The pilgrims crossed the sea, To make the West, as they the East, The homestead of the free!” -John Greenleaf Whittier’s Marching Song (1854)

Lecompton Constitution The people were not allowed to vote against the constitution as a whole but for it with or without slavery No matter the outcome, there would still be black slaves in Kansas

Bleeding Kansas Senator Charles Sumner was the most disliked man in Senate due to his own actions He made the speech “The Crime Against Kansas” stating that men who were proslavery were “hirelings picked from the drunken spew and vomit of an uneasy civilization” Congressman Preston S. Brooks reacted negatively towards “The Crime Against Kansas” speech by finding vengeance in beating Sumner with a cane until it broke. While Sumner was unconscious and bleeding, several senators stood by watching and not interfering.

Buchanan and Freemont James Buchanan was chosen by the Democrats to be president John Freemont who fought in the Mexican-American War was chosen to by the Republicans The American Party also known as the “Know. Nothing Party” organized by “navists” (those who were against immigrants) nominated Millard Fillmore, these people also included Old Whigs James Buchanan won the election due to doubts about Freemont

Dred Scott Decision Supreme Court handed down the Dred Scott decision on March 6, 1857 Dred Scott was a slave that was taken into the North, after the death of his master and being sold again he sued for his freedom due to being in free lands The Supreme court gave Scott his freedom but later took it back due to the appeal of his master Chief Justice Roger Taney declared that slaves could not be citizens and argued that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional due to the outlaw of slavery in the North

Panic of 1837 The California gold caused: Inflation, overspeculation, and overgrowth of grain The North was effected while the South wasn’t bothered The Homestead Act was passed by Congress in 1860 that would give those who were of the poor class 160 acres of land for a small amount of money, President James Buchanan vetoed the plan

Lincol and Douglas 1858, Lincoln ran for president against Stephen Douglas Lincoln challenged Douglas to Seven debates The most famous debate of these was at Freeport, Illinois Lincoln received more support due to this debate since Douglas’ answer was not supported by many and turned those who formally did support him toward Lincoln

John Brown Planed to invade the south and start a slave revolt When the invasion of Harper’s Ferry, Virginia occurred the slaves failed to revolt and Brown was captured by the marines who were under Lieutenant Colonel Robert E. Lee, Brown was sentenced to death and therefore was hanged The North admired him and went on carrying out his brave story

Democrats Division and Republicans Victory The southern Democrats were split into Northern and Southern halves due to the failure to nominate a candidate Stephen Douglas was chosen for the Northern half John C. Brekinridge was chosen for the Southern half The “know-nothings” chose John Bell The republicans nominated Lincoln, due to the democrats division

Secession of the South December 1860, South Carolina seceded because of the election of Lincoln Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Texas, and Louisiana, known as the deep South February of 1861, the Confederate States of America were created at the meeting of the seven seceding states in Montgomery, Alabama Jefferson Davis was chosen as president for these states

Crittenden Compromise James Henry Crittenden from Kentucky made the compromise, which would ban slavery that was north of the 36 30’ line The states below the line could decide for themselves The slavery that already existed would be protected Lincoln opposed the plan due to his principle and the preaching against slavery performed by his party

Reasons for Seceding The states feared for their rights as slaveholding Americans due to the Republicans growing power They hoped to become a prospering society with a well developed banking and shipping system The states saw that the thirteen colonies could secede from the formally powerful Britain in the past and felt as though they had the same ability and power