Chapter 18 The Rise of Industrial America 1865

Chapter 18 The Rise of Industrial America, 1865 – 1900

ACT Standards • C: 1 -a Evaluate the impact of new inventions and technologies of the late 19 th Century. • C: 1 -b Identify and evaluate the influences on business and industry in the late 19 th Century • C: 1 -c Identify labor and workforce issues including owners, managers and Social Darwinism • C: 1 -d Explain the challenges and contributions of immigrants • C: 1 -e Explain the causes and impact of urbanization • C: 1 -f Compare and contrast the experiences of African. Americans 2

Readings • Read the chapter, pp. • On line find and read 535 -565. a summary of the book The Jungle • You MUST read the chapter!!!! by Upton Sinclair. 3

Group Presentation • An Important Industrial or Technological advancement from this time period • Chose a group of three • Compose and design a power point of 5 slides • Be prepared to make your presentation within 3 days. 4

Rise of Corporate America • See graph on page 537 Write a one sentence summary of the graph on page 537. _____________________ 5 .

The Character of Industrial Change • 6 features dominated manufacturing: – Exploitation of coal – Spread of technology – Control of workers – Pressure on firms to compete – Relentless drop in prices – Of money supply to keep pace with productivity 6

Railroad Innovations I’ve been working on the railroad all the live-long day! • • • Collis P. Huntington, Central Pacific Jay Gould, Union Pacific James J. Hill, Northern Pacific • Generous land grants and loan subsidies Jay Gould • • Magnetic telegraph Divisions Superintendents Accounting systems 7

Consolidating the Railroad Industry • Robber Barons • Standard 4’ 8 ½” gauge track J. Pierpont Morgan • Interstate Commerce Act, 1887 8

Applying the Lessons of Railroads to Steel Andrew Carnegie • Bobbin Boy $1. 25 a week • Secretary to Tom Scott, Pennsylvania Railroad 1870’s first steel mill built “Watch the COST and the PROFITS will take care of themselves. ” Vertical Integration 9

Figure 18. 1: Iron and Steel Production, 1875– 1915 10

The Trust: Creating New Forms of Corporate Organization John D. Rockefeller • Edwin L. Drake – 1 st crude-oil well 1859 – Passion for cutting costs – Standard Oil Trust 1882 11

Sherman Anti-Trust Act 1890 United States vs. E. C Knight Company 12

Stimulating Economic Growth 13

The Triumph of Technology • Thomas A. Edison • Electrical lighting Read “Electricity” pp. 544 -545. 14

Specialized Production 15

Electricity 16

Figure 18. 2: Mergers in Mining and Manufacturing, 1895– 1910 17

Figure 18. 2: Mergers in Mining and Manufactu ring, 1895 – 1910 (cont’d) 18

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Advertising and Marketing 20

Social and Environmental Costs and Benefits 21

The NEW SOUTH 22

Obstacles to Economic Development 23

The New South Creed and Southern Industrialization • Henry W. Grady 24

The Southern Mill Economy 25

Southern Industrial Lag 26

Factories and the Work Force 27

From Workshop to Factory 28

Hardships of Industrial Labor 29

Immigrant Labor 30

Chinese Labor 31

Woman and Work in Industrial America 32

Hard Work and the Gospel of Success • Horatio Alger 33

Labor Unions and Industrial Conflict • National Labor Union • Knights of Labor • Wildcat strikes 34

Organizing Workers • National Labor Uniton (NLU) • Knights of Labor • American Federation of Labor (AFL) • Samuel Gompers 35

Strikes and Labor Unrest • Homestead Strike • Eugene V. Debs • Supreme Court Inre Debs 36

Social Thinkers Probe for Alternatives • William Graham Sumner • Social Darwinism • Marxism 37

Conclusion 38