Chapter 18 The Rise of Industrial America 1865

Chapter 18 The Rise of Industrial America, 1865 – 1900

Readings • Read the chapter, pp. • On line find and read 535 -565. a summary of the book The Jungle • You MUST read the chapter!!!! by Upton Sinclair. 2

Group Presentation • An Important Industrial or Technological advancement from this time period • Chose a group of three • Compose and design a power point of 5 slides • Be prepared to make your presentation within 3 days. 3

Rise of Corporate America • See graph on page 537 Write a one sentence summary of the graph on page 537. _____________________ 4 .

The Character of Industrial Change • 6 features dominated manufacturing: – Exploitation of coal – Spread of technology – Control of workers – Pressure on firms to compete – Relentless drop in prices – Of money supply to keep pace with productivity 5

Railroad Innovations I’ve been working on the railroad all the live-long day! • • • Collis P. Huntington, Central Pacific Jay Gould, Union Pacific James J. Hill, Northern Pacific • Generous land grants and loan subsidies Jay Gould • • Magnetic telegraph Divisions Superintendents Accounting systems 6

Consolidating the Railroad Industry • Robber Barons • Standard 4’ 8 ½” gauge track J. Pierpont Morgan • Interstate Commerce Act, 1887 7

Applying the Lessons of Railroads to Steel Andrew Carnegie • Bobbin Boy $1. 25 a week • Secretary to Tom Scott, Pennsylvania Railroad 1870’s first steel mill built “Watch the COST and the PROFITS will take care of themselves. ” Vertical Integration 8

Figure 18. 1: Iron and Steel Production, 1875– 1915 9

The Trust: Creating New Forms of Corporate Organization John D. Rockefeller • Edwin L. Drake – 1 st crude-oil well 1859 – Passion for cutting costs – Standard Oil Trust 1882 10

Sherman Anti-Trust Act 1890 United States vs. E. C Knight Company 11

Stimulating Economic Growth 12

The Triumph of Technology • Thomas A. Edison • Electrical lighting Read “Electricity” pp. 544 -545. 13

Specialized Production 14

Electricity 15

Figure 18. 2: Mergers in Mining and Manufacturing, 1895– 1910 16

Figure 18. 2: Mergers in Mining and Manufactu ring, 1895 – 1910 (cont’d) 17

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Advertising and Marketing 19

Social and Environmental Costs and Benefits 20

The NEW SOUTH 21

Obstacles to Economic Development 22

The New South Creed and Southern Industrialization • Henry W. Grady 23

The Southern Mill Economy 24

Southern Industrial Lag 25

Factories and the Work Force 26

From Workshop to Factory 27

Hardships of Industrial Labor 28

Immigrant Labor 29

Chinese Labor 30

Woman and Work in Industrial America 31

Hard Work and the Gospel of Success • Horatio Alger 32

Labor Unions and Industrial Conflict • National Labor Union • Knights of Labor • Wildcat strikes 33

Organizing Workers • National Labor Uniton (NLU) • Knights of Labor • American Federation of Labor (AFL) • Samuel Gompers 34

Strikes and Labor Unrest • Homestead Strike • Eugene V. Debs • Supreme Court Inre Debs 35

Social Thinkers Probe for Alternatives • William Graham Sumner • Social Darwinism • Marxism 36

Conclusion 37