Chapter 18 The Life Cycle Copyright 2011 Delmar

Fundamental Concepts of Growth and Development • Growth – Quantitative changes in physical size

Fundamental Concepts of Growth and Development • Maturation – Becoming fully grown and developed

Principles of Growth and Development • • Individual rates of progression Specific characteristics for

Factors Influencing Growth and Development • • Heredity Life experiences Health status Cultural expectations

Theoretical Perspectives of Human Development • Physiological dimension – Growth influenced by interaction of:

Theoretical Perspectives of Human Development • Psychosocial dimension – Intrapsychic theory • Psychodynamic •

Theoretical Perspectives of Human Development • Cognitive dimension – Intellectual knowing • Perception •

Theoretical Perspectives of Human Development • Moral dimension – Person’s value system that helps

Theoretical Perspectives of Human Development • Spiritual dimension – Relation with self, others, and

Holistic Framework for Nursing • • • Physiological Psychosocial Cognitive Moral Spiritual Copyright ©

Stages of the Life Cycle • Prenatal – Conception to birth – Nursing implications:

Stages of the Life Cycle • Prenatal – Nursing implications (continued): • Safety consideration

Stages of the Life Cycle • Neonatal – First 28 days of life (continued)

Stages of the Life Cycle • Neonatal – Nursing implications: • Wellness promotion –

Stages of the Life Cycle • Infancy – First month to first year of

Stages of the Life Cycle • Infancy – Nursing implications: • Safety considerations –

Stages of the Life Cycle • Toddler – Independent walker to 3 years of

Stages of the Life Cycle • Toddler – Nursing implications: • Wellness promotion –

Stages of the Life Cycle • Preschooler – Ages 3 to 6 years –

Stages of the Life Cycle • School-age – Ages 6 to 12 years (continued)

Stages of the Life Cycle • School-age – Nursing implications: • Wellness promotion –

Stages of the Life Cycle • School-age – Nursing implications: • Safety considerations –

Stages of the Life Cycle • Preadolescent – Ages 10 to 12 years –

Stages of the Life Cycle • Preadolescent – Nursing implications: • Safety considerations –

Stages of the Life Cycle • Adolescent – Ages 13 to 20 years –

Stages of the Life Cycle • Adolescent – Nursing implications: • Wellness promotion –

Stages of the Life Cycle • Adolescent – Nursing implications: • Safety considerations –

Stages of the Life Cycle • Young adult – Ages 21 to 40 years

Stages of the Life Cycle • Middle adult – Ages 40 to 65 years

Stages of the Life Cycle • Middle adult – Nursing implications: • Wellness promotion

Stages of the Life Cycle • Older adult – Age 65 years and beyond

Slides: 32

Download presentation

Fundamental Concepts of Growth and Development • Growth – Quantitative changes in physical size of body and its parts • Development – Behavioral changes in functional abilities and skills (continued) Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Principles of Growth and Development • • Individual rates of progression Specific characteristics for each stage Certain tasks at each stage Stages vary in critical nature Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Theoretical Perspectives of Human Development • Physiological dimension – Growth influenced by interaction of: • • Genetic predisposition Central nervous system Endocrine system Maturation (continued) Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Theoretical Perspectives of Human Development • Psychosocial dimension – Intrapsychic theory • Psychodynamic • Theorists: – – Freud Erikson Havighurst Levinson – Interpersonal theory • Theorist: – Sullivan (continued) Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Theoretical Perspectives of Human Development • Cognitive dimension – Intellectual knowing • Perception • Memory • Judgment – Theorists: • Piaget • Inhelder (continued) Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Theoretical Perspectives of Human Development • Moral dimension – Person’s value system that helps differentiate right and wrong – Theorists: • Kohlberg • Gilligan (continued) Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Theoretical Perspectives of Human Development • Spiritual dimension – Relation with self, others, and higher power or divine source – Spirituality does not refer to specific religious affiliation – Theorist: • Fowler Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Stages of the Life Cycle • Prenatal – Conception to birth – Nursing implications: • Wellness promotion – – Adequate protein intake Blood pressure screening Incorporating child into family unit Stress reduction (continued) Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Stages of the Life Cycle • Prenatal – Nursing implications (continued): • Safety consideration – – Avoid cigarette smoking Avoid alcohol consumption Avoid illegal drugs Discuss over-the-counter medications with healthcare provider (continued) Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Stages of the Life Cycle • Neonatal – Nursing implications: • Wellness promotion – Teaching – Bonding – Basic care needs • Safety considerations – Car safety (continued) Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Stages of the Life Cycle • Infancy – First month to first year of life – Nursing implications: • Wellness promotion – – Prevention of infection Incorporation of child into family unit Nutrition Promotion of sleep (continued) Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Stages of the Life Cycle • Toddler – Independent walker to 3 years of age – Nursing implications: • • Examinations and immunizations Play Reduce stress from hospitalization Education to prevent accidents (continued) Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Stages of the Life Cycle • Toddler – Nursing implications: • Wellness promotion – Teaching – Nutrition • Safety considerations – Automobile accidents – Toy safety (continued) Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Stages of the Life Cycle • Preschooler – Ages 3 to 6 years – Nursing implications: • Communicate at child’s level • Wellness promotion – Immunizations • Safety considerations – Accident prevention (continued) Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Stages of the Life Cycle • School-age – Nursing implications: • Wellness promotion – – – Proper nutrition Immunizations Dental care Safety precautions Adequate rest and sleep (continued) Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Stages of the Life Cycle • School-age – Nursing implications: • Safety considerations – Accident prevention » Especially during play (continued) Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Stages of the Life Cycle • Preadolescent – Ages 10 to 12 years – Nursing implications: • Wellness promotion – – Nutrition Rest Activity Physiological changes (continued) Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Stages of the Life Cycle • Preadolescent – Nursing implications: • Safety considerations – – – Prevent injury from sports and play activities Violence Substance abuse Sex education Development of healthy lifestyles (continued) Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Stages of the Life Cycle • Adolescent – Ages 13 to 20 years – Nursing implications: • Numerous bodily changes • Nonjudgmental attitude (continued) Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Stages of the Life Cycle • Adolescent – Nursing implications: • Wellness promotion – – – Hygiene Nutrition Sex education Developmental changes Substance abuse prevention (continued) Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Stages of the Life Cycle • Adolescent – Nursing implications: • Safety considerations – Accidents, homicide, and suicide » Three major causes of adolescent death (continued) Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Stages of the Life Cycle • Young adult – Ages 21 to 40 years – Nursing implications: • Wellness promotion – Development of health-promoting behaviors • Safety considerations – Avoidance of accident, injury, and violence (continued) Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Stages of the Life Cycle • Middle adult – Ages 40 to 65 years – Nursing implications: • Wellness promotion – – Acceptance of aging Nutrition Exercise and weight control Substance abuse prevention (continued) Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Stages of the Life Cycle • Middle adult – Nursing implications: • Wellness promotion – Stress management – Recommendations for health screening • Safety considerations – Recreational accidents (continued) Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Stages of the Life Cycle • Older adult – Age 65 years and beyond – Nursing implications: • Wellness promotion – Develop sense of well-being – Maintain functional independence • Safety considerations – Fall prevention Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.