Chapter 18 Social psychology Chapter 18 social psychology

Chapter 18 Social psychology Chapter 18 social psychology 1

Social psychology • The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another. Chapter 18 social psychology 2

Chapter 18 social psychology 3

Attribution theory • Suggest how we explain someone’s behavior – by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition. Chapter 18 social psychology 4

Fundamental attribution error • The tendency for observers, when analyzing another’s behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition. Chapter 18 social psychology 5

Attitude • Feelings, often based on our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events. Chapter 18 social psychology 6

Foot in the door phenomenon • The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request comply later with a larger request. Chapter 18 social psychology 7

Conformity • Adjusting one’s behavior were thinking to coincide with the group standard. Chapter 18 social psychology 8

Normative social influence • Influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval. Chapter 18 social psychology 9

Social facilitation • Stronger responses on a simple or well-earned tasks in the presence of others. Chapter 18 social psychology 10

Social loafing • The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts towards attaining a common goal than when individually accountable. Chapter 18 social psychology 11

Deindividualism • The loss of self-awareness and selfrestraint occurring in group situation that foster arousal and anonymity. Chapter 18 social psychology 12

Group polarization • The enhancement of the group’s prevailing inclination through discussion within the group. Chapter 18 social psychology 13

groupthink • The motive thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony and decisionmaking group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives. Chapter 18 social psychology 14

Prejudice • And unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. • Prejudice generally involve stereotype believes, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action. Chapter 18 social psychology 15

Stereotype • A generalized belief about a group of people. • It can be accurate but often overgeneralized. Chapter 18 social psychology 16

Discrimination • Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group or its members. Chapter 18 social psychology 17

In group • “US” – people with whom one shares a common identity. Chapter 18 social psychology 18

Outgroup • “Them”-those perceived as different report from ones in group. Chapter 18 social psychology 19

In group bias • The tendency to favor one’s own group. Chapter 18 social psychology 20

Scapegoat theory • The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame. Chapter 18 social psychology 21

Just world phenomenon • The tendency of people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get. Chapter 18 social psychology 22

Aggression • Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy. Chapter 18 social psychology 23

Frustration aggression principle • The principle that frustration-the blocking of any attempt to achieve some goal-creates anger, which can generate aggression. Chapter 18 social psychology 24

Conflict • A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas. Chapter 18 social psychology 25

Social trap • A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationality pursuing their self interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior. Chapter 18 social psychology 26

Mere exposure effect • The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them. Chapter 18 social psychology 27

Passionate love • In a aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually presented at the beginning of a love relationship. Chapter 18 social psychology 28

Companionate Love • The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined. Chapter 18 social psychology 29

Equity • A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it. Chapter 18 social psychology 30

Self-disclosure • Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others. Chapter 18 social psychology 31

Altruism • Unselfish regard for the welfare of others. Chapter 18 social psychology 32

Bystander effect • The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to get aid if other bystanders are present. Chapter 18 social psychology 33

Social exchange theory • The theory that our social behavior as an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs. Chapter 18 social psychology 34

Reciprocity norm • An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them. Chapter 18 social psychology 35

Social responsibility norm • an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them. Chapter 18 social psychology 36

Superordinate goals • Shared goals that override differences among people and require their corporation. Chapter 18 social psychology 37

GRIT Graduated and reciprocated initiatives and tension reduction-strategy designed to decrease international tensions. Chapter 18 social psychology 38