Chapter 18 Notes Classification Taxonomy Science of naming

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Chapter 18 Notes Classification

Chapter 18 Notes Classification

Taxonomy • Science of naming and classifying organisms – Most commonly based on structural

Taxonomy • Science of naming and classifying organisms – Most commonly based on structural or anatomical similarities

Carolus Linneaus • Founder of the modern classification system (contains 7 taxonomic categories)

Carolus Linneaus • Founder of the modern classification system (contains 7 taxonomic categories)

7 Taxonomic Categories Kingdom distantlarge Phylum Class Order Family Genus species close small Animalia

7 Taxonomic Categories Kingdom distantlarge Phylum Class Order Family Genus species close small Animalia Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Panthera leo

7 Taxonomic Categories Kingdom distantlarge Phylum Class Order Family Genus species close small Animalia

7 Taxonomic Categories Kingdom distantlarge Phylum Class Order Family Genus species close small Animalia (animal) Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Panthera leo

7 Taxonomic Categories Kingdom distantlarge Phylum Class Order Family Genus species close small Animalia

7 Taxonomic Categories Kingdom distantlarge Phylum Class Order Family Genus species close small Animalia (animal) Chordata (vertebrate) Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Panthera leo

7 Taxonomic Categories Kingdom distantlarge Phylum Class Order Family Genus species close small Animalia

7 Taxonomic Categories Kingdom distantlarge Phylum Class Order Family Genus species close small Animalia (animal) Chordata (vertebrate) Mammalia (mammal) Carnivora Felidae Panthera leo

7 Taxonomic Categories Kingdom distantlarge Phylum Class Order Family Genus species close small Animalia

7 Taxonomic Categories Kingdom distantlarge Phylum Class Order Family Genus species close small Animalia (animal) Chordata (vertebrate) Mammalia (mammal) Carnivora (eats meat) Felidae Panthera leo

7 Taxonomic Categories Kingdom distantlarge Phylum Class Order Family Genus species close small Animalia

7 Taxonomic Categories Kingdom distantlarge Phylum Class Order Family Genus species close small Animalia (animal) Chordata (vertebrate) Mammalia (mammal) Carnivora (eats meat) Felidae (cat) Panthera leo

7 Taxonomic Categories Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus species distant large close small

7 Taxonomic Categories Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus species distant large close small Animalia Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Panthera leo (animal) (vertebrate) (mammal) (eats meat) (cat) (great roaring cat)

7 Taxonomic Categories Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus species distant large close small

7 Taxonomic Categories Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus species distant large close small Animalia Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Panthera leo (animal) (vertebrate) (mammal) (eats meat) (cat) (great roaring cat) (lion)

“King Phillip Came Over For Grandma’s Supper”

“King Phillip Came Over For Grandma’s Supper”

“King Phillip Came Over For Grandma’s Supper” Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus species

“King Phillip Came Over For Grandma’s Supper” Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus species

Binomial Nomenclature Scientific Name Each organism is assigned a 2 -part scientific name (Latin

Binomial Nomenclature Scientific Name Each organism is assigned a 2 -part scientific name (Latin or Greek)

Binomial Nomenclature • 1 st Word (Genus): always capitalized • 2 nd Word (species):

Binomial Nomenclature • 1 st Word (Genus): always capitalized • 2 nd Word (species): always lower case • Both are always written in italics Ex: Homo sapiens Panthera leo

Why not just use the common names for all organisms? Common names are not

Why not just use the common names for all organisms? Common names are not the same in every country, but scientific names are universal!

Example: Blue Jay in USA is called Blue Bird in England Cyanocitta cristata Blue

Example: Blue Jay in USA is called Blue Bird in England Cyanocitta cristata Blue Bird in USA is called Blue Jay in England Sialia Sialis

Modern Taxonomy • Because of evolution, species change over time and interbreeding causes the

Modern Taxonomy • Because of evolution, species change over time and interbreeding causes the creation of new species Ex: persian cat breeds with a siamese cat = permese cat +

Modern Taxonomy • Classification names are not only based on structure (anatomy) but on

Modern Taxonomy • Classification names are not only based on structure (anatomy) but on biochemical similarities, cytological, embryological, behavioral, and fossil records

Taxonomic Key Dichotomous Key Tool used to identify organisms - Uses paired statements to

Taxonomic Key Dichotomous Key Tool used to identify organisms - Uses paired statements to chose from

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus species Animalia Animalia

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus species Animalia Animalia

Kingdom Animalia Animalia Phylum Chordata Chordata Arthropoda Class Order Family Genus species

Kingdom Animalia Animalia Phylum Chordata Chordata Arthropoda Class Order Family Genus species

Kingdom Animalia Animalia Phylum Chordata Chordata Arthropoda Class Mammalia Mammalia Insecta Order Family Genus

Kingdom Animalia Animalia Phylum Chordata Chordata Arthropoda Class Mammalia Mammalia Insecta Order Family Genus species

Kingdom Animalia Animalia Phylum Chordata Chordata Arthropoda Class Mammalia Mammalia Insecta Order Carnivora Rodentia

Kingdom Animalia Animalia Phylum Chordata Chordata Arthropoda Class Mammalia Mammalia Insecta Order Carnivora Rodentia Diptera Family Genus species

Kingdom Animalia Animalia Phylum Chordata Chordata Arthropoda Class Mammalia Mammalia Insecta Order Carnivora Rodentia

Kingdom Animalia Animalia Phylum Chordata Chordata Arthropoda Class Mammalia Mammalia Insecta Order Carnivora Rodentia Diptera Family Genus species Felidae Canidae Geomyidae Muscidae

Kingdom Animalia Animalia Phylum Chordata Chordata Arthropoda Class Mammalia Mammalia Insecta Order Carnivora Rodentia

Kingdom Animalia Animalia Phylum Chordata Chordata Arthropoda Class Mammalia Mammalia Insecta Order Carnivora Rodentia Diptera Family Felidae Canidae Geomyidae Muscidae Genus Felis Vulpes Canis Thomomys Musca species domesticus fulva familiaris lupus bottae domestica

House Cat Red Fox Dog Wolf Gopher Fly Kingdom Animalia Animalia Phylum Chordata Chordata

House Cat Red Fox Dog Wolf Gopher Fly Kingdom Animalia Animalia Phylum Chordata Chordata Arthropoda Class Mammalia Mammalia Insecta Order Carnivora Rodentia Diptera Family Felidae Canidae Geomyidae Muscidae Genus Felis Vulpes Canis Thomomys Musca species domesticus fulva familiaris lupus bottae domestica

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