Chapter 18 I Progressive Movement II Progressive Politics

Chapter 18 I. Progressive Movement II. Progressive Politics III. Progressive Society IV. Progressivism Evaluated

Progressivism • A through movement education, of the th century early 20 wider political that favored and participation, achieving direct government political and social reform. . . action

Progressivism • Roots • Populism • Socialism • Pro-reform Republicans

Progressivism • Motives • Sense of justice • Evolutionary thinking/Reform Darwinism • Opportunity to do good

Progressivism • Principles • Promote direct democracy • Increase gov’t efficiency • Advocate gov’t intervention

Progressivism • Direct democracy • Secret ballot • Direct primaries • Initiative • Referendum • Recall

Progressivism • Government efficiency • Technical experts • City commission, city manager forms of government

Progressivism • Government intervention • “Trustbusting” • “Gas-and-water socialism” • On behalf of labor

Amendments • 16 th Amendment • Federal income tax • Progressives wanted funds for reforms and social services

Amendments • 16 th Amendment • Progressives favored a graduated income tax

Amendments • 17 th Amendment • Direct election of U. S. senators • Left states with no voice in national government

Amendments • 18 th Amendment • Prohibition • Reasons • Repealed by 21 st Amendment in 1933

Amendments • 19 th Amendment • Granted suffrage to women • Susan B. Anthony

Muckrakers • Writers who exposed abuse and corruption • Most felt genuine concern for the causes they advanced

Progressives • William Jennings Bryan • Robert La Follette • Theodore Roosevelt

Roosevelt • The “Square Deal” • Trustbusting • Northern Securities case

Roosevelt • Regulation • Hepburn Act • Pure Food and Drug Act • Meat Inspection Act

Roosevelt • Coal Strike • Roosevelt threatened to use federal troops • Government mediated in the labor dispute

Roosevelt • Conservation • Reclamation Act

Discrimination • Asians in California • Blacks in the South • “Jim Crow” laws • Segregation • Voting rights

Discrimination • Blacks in the South • Plessy v. Ferguson • Booker T. Washington • W. E. B. Du. Bois • NAACP

Roosevelt • • • The “Big Stick” Philippines Panama Canal • Assisted Panamanian revolution

Roosevelt • Roosevelt Corollary • U. S. would act as a “policeman” to keep Latin American countries in line

Roosevelt • Relations with Japan • Sensitive • Great White Fleet • Root-Takahira Agreement

Taft • Chosen successor of Roosevelt • Defeated William Jennings Bryan in 1908

Taft • Tariff fiasco • Congressional reform • Joseph “Czar” Cannon • Wedge between Taft and progressives

Taft • Split with Roosevelt • Conservation: Clash with Pinchot • Antitrust proceedings

Taft • Dollar diplomacy • Mixed results

1912 • Roosevelt sought the Republican nomination, but Taft got it • Roosevelt’s followers form a third party

1912 • Newly-formed Progressive Party nominated Roosevelt • “New Nationalism”

1912 • Democrats nominated Woodrow Wilson • “New Freedom” • Wilson wins handily • Taft carries 2 states

Wilson • Underwood Tariff Act • Slashed rates by about one-third • Revenue loss offset by new income tax

Wilson • Federal Reserve Act • Compromise • Represented ultimate government control • Federal Reserve Notes

Wilson • Clayton Antitrust Act • Federal Trade Commission Act • Gov’t regulation of business practices

Transportation • Automobiles • Henry Ford • Assembly line • Airplanes • Wright brothers

Agriculture • Golden Age 1898 -1914 • Population shifts • Technology improved • Tractors • Veterinary science

Medicine • Mayo Clinic • Johns Hopkins Medical School • Yellow fever • Walter Reed

Education • Progressive education • “Teaching students, not subjects” • John Dewey • Secular humanism

Religion • • • Modernism Social gospel movement Walter Rauschenbusch • Christianity and the Social Crisis

Religion • Orthodox Defense • Benjamin B. Warfield • Bible institutes • Bible conferences • Billy Sunday

Evaluation • Many progressive reforms were worthwhile • Increase in the powers of government

Evaluation • “Independent” government bureaucracy • Belief in the inevitability of progress

Evaluation • False solutions to man’s problems