Chapter 18 Endocrine System adrenal cortex Ovaries parathyroid

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Chapter 18 Endocrine System adrenal cortex Ovaries parathyroid glands Testes Adrenaline Aldosterone antidiuretic hormone

Chapter 18 Endocrine System adrenal cortex Ovaries parathyroid glands Testes Adrenaline Aldosterone antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Calcitonin Epinephrine Estrogen Glucagon Insulin norepinephrine adrenal medulla pancreas pituitary gland (hypophysis) thyroid gland adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) androgen cortisol estradiol follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) growth hormone (GH) luteinizing hormone (LH) Journal question: What is the function of the endocrine system? Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1

Chapter Goals Identify the endocrine glands and their hormones. Gain an understanding of the

Chapter Goals Identify the endocrine glands and their hormones. Gain an understanding of the functions of these hormones in the body. Analyze medical terms related to the endocrine glands and their hormones. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2

Chapter Goals (cont’d) Identify abnormal conditions resulting from excessive and deficient secretions of the

Chapter Goals (cont’d) Identify abnormal conditions resulting from excessive and deficient secretions of the endocrine glands. Describe laboratory tests and clinical procedures related to endocrinology, and recognize relevant abbreviations. Apply your new knowledge to understanding medical terms in their proper contexts, such as medical reports and records. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 3

Introduction Endocrine System Glands release hormones. Hormones regulate the many and varied functions of

Introduction Endocrine System Glands release hormones. Hormones regulate the many and varied functions of an organism. Hormones bind to receptors. Receptors are recognition sites in the various target tissues on which hormones act. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 4

Introduction Endocrine System (cont’d) ENDOCRINE glands— Secrete their hormones directly into the bloodstream EXOCRINE

Introduction Endocrine System (cont’d) ENDOCRINE glands— Secrete their hormones directly into the bloodstream EXOCRINE glands— Send chemical substances (tears, sweat, milk, saliva) via ducts to the outside of the body Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 5

Endocrine Glands thyroid gland parathyroid glands (four glands) adrenal glands (one pair) pancreas (islets

Endocrine Glands thyroid gland parathyroid glands (four glands) adrenal glands (one pair) pancreas (islets of Langerhans) pituitary gland ovaries (one pair) testes (one pair) pineal gland thymus gland Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 6

The Endocrine System Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier

The Endocrine System Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 7

The Endocrine System (cont’d) Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of

The Endocrine System (cont’d) Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 8

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 9

Thyroid Gland Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Thyroid Gland Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10

Thyroid Gland (cont’d) Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier

Thyroid Gland (cont’d) Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 11

Thyroid Function There are two hormones: thyroxine or tetraiodothyronine (T 4) Ø triiodothyronine (T

Thyroid Function There are two hormones: thyroxine or tetraiodothyronine (T 4) Ø triiodothyronine (T 3). Ø Thyroid hormones aid cells in their uptake of oxygen and regulate metabolic rate. Calcitonin: stimulates calcium to leave the blood and enter the bone. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 12

Thyroid Gland: Hormones and Actions Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint

Thyroid Gland: Hormones and Actions Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 13

Parathyroid Gland Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Parathyroid Gland Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 14

Parathyroid Gland (cont’d) Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier

Parathyroid Gland (cont’d) Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 15

Parathyroid Glands Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Parathyroid Glands Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 16

Parathyroid Function Parathyroid hormone (PTH): causes calcium to mobilize from bones into the bloodstream

Parathyroid Function Parathyroid hormone (PTH): causes calcium to mobilize from bones into the bloodstream Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 17

Adrenal Glands Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Adrenal Glands Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 18

Adrenal Glands (cont’d) Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier

Adrenal Glands (cont’d) Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 19

Adrenal Glands: Location and Structure Each gland has two parts Ø an outer portion,

Adrenal Glands: Location and Structure Each gland has two parts Ø an outer portion, the adrenal cortex • Secretes corticosteriods or steriods, chemicals derived from cholesterol Ø an inner portion, adrenal medulla • Secretes catecholamines chemicals derived from amino acids Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 20

Function: Adrenal Cortex Secretes Glucocorticoids: influence metabolism of sugars, fats, and proteins (cortisol) and

Function: Adrenal Cortex Secretes Glucocorticoids: influence metabolism of sugars, fats, and proteins (cortisol) and are antiinflammatory (cortisone). Influences—SUGAR Mineralocorticoids: regulate electrolytes Ø Aldosterone: reabsorption of sodium/excretion of potassium. Influences—SALT Gonadocorticoids: androgens and estrogens. Influences—SEX Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 21

Function Adrenal Medulla Secretes Two types of catecholamine hormones Ø Epinephrine (adrenaline): increases heart

Function Adrenal Medulla Secretes Two types of catecholamine hormones Ø Epinephrine (adrenaline): increases heart rate and blood pressure, dilates bronchial tubes, releases glucose from storage. Ø Norepinephrine (noradrenaline): constricts vessels to raise blood pressure. Ø Both are sympathomimetic agents. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 22

The Adrenal Cortex and Adrenal Medulla Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an

The Adrenal Cortex and Adrenal Medulla Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 23

Pancreas Located near and partially behind stomach Exocrine and endocrine organ Copyright © 2011,

Pancreas Located near and partially behind stomach Exocrine and endocrine organ Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 24

Pancreas (cont’d) Located near and partially behind stomach Exocrine and endocrine organ Copyright ©

Pancreas (cont’d) Located near and partially behind stomach Exocrine and endocrine organ Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 25

Pancreas Function Endocrine function islets of Langerhans produce: Insulin: promotes movement of glucose into

Pancreas Function Endocrine function islets of Langerhans produce: Insulin: promotes movement of glucose into cells and promotes storage as glycogen Ø Glucagon: promotes movement of glucose into the blood by breaking down glycogen stored in liver cells Ø Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 26

Pancreas Function (cont’d) Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier

Pancreas Function (cont’d) Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 27

Patologia da Adrenal ADRENAL ADRENAL ADRENAL ADRENAL ADRENALPatologia da Adrenal ADRENAL ADRENAL ADRENAL ADRENAL ADRENAL
Adrenal Cortex Gland Adrenal Cortex Secretion of CortisolAdrenal Cortex Gland Adrenal Cortex Secretion of Cortisol
Motor cortex Somatosensory cortex Sensory associative cortex ParsMotor cortex Somatosensory cortex Sensory associative cortex Pars
Le cortex crbral Cortex crbral Localisation du cortexLe cortex crbral Cortex crbral Localisation du cortex
Motor cortex Somatosensory cortex Sensory associative cortex ParsMotor cortex Somatosensory cortex Sensory associative cortex Pars
Motor cortex Somatosensory cortex Sensory associative cortex ParsMotor cortex Somatosensory cortex Sensory associative cortex Pars
Motor cortex Somatosensory cortex Sensory associative cortex ParsMotor cortex Somatosensory cortex Sensory associative cortex Pars
Adrenal Anatomy Outer Cortex aldosterone secretion Inner CortexAdrenal Anatomy Outer Cortex aldosterone secretion Inner Cortex
Adrenal Anatomy Outer Cortex aldosterone secretion Inner CortexAdrenal Anatomy Outer Cortex aldosterone secretion Inner Cortex
Adrenal gland Hormones of the adrenal cortex theAdrenal gland Hormones of the adrenal cortex the
Adrenal gland o The adrenal cortex produces threeAdrenal gland o The adrenal cortex produces three
Adrenal Steroids Mineralocorticoids Glucocorticoids Adrenal Gland Cortex MineralocorticoidAdrenal Steroids Mineralocorticoids Glucocorticoids Adrenal Gland Cortex Mineralocorticoid
Adrenal Cortex Prof K Sivapalan Structure of AdrenalAdrenal Cortex Prof K Sivapalan Structure of Adrenal
ADRENAL CORTEX Introduction Adrenal Location Superior Pole ofADRENAL CORTEX Introduction Adrenal Location Superior Pole of
ADRENAL GLAND Objectives Differentiate between adrenal cortex andADRENAL GLAND Objectives Differentiate between adrenal cortex and
The Adrenal Glands Part The Adrenal Cortex ZiyingThe Adrenal Glands Part The Adrenal Cortex Ziying
The Adrenal Glands Part The Adrenal Cortex ZiyingThe Adrenal Glands Part The Adrenal Cortex Ziying
Adrenal gland Hormones of the adrenal cortex theAdrenal gland Hormones of the adrenal cortex the
Adrenal gland Anatomy Components Two compartments Adrenal CortexAdrenal gland Anatomy Components Two compartments Adrenal Cortex
Adrenal and retropetionium Disorders of the Adrenal CortexAdrenal and retropetionium Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex
ADRENAL GLANDS FIGURE 10 9 Adrenal cortex NamesADRENAL GLANDS FIGURE 10 9 Adrenal cortex Names
Pharmacology in Nursing Adrenal Drugs Adrenal Gland AdrenalPharmacology in Nursing Adrenal Drugs Adrenal Gland Adrenal
Adrenal Glands Adrenal Glands The adrenal glands suprarenalAdrenal Glands Adrenal Glands The adrenal glands suprarenal
Adrenal Gland Part 3 Adrenal medulla Adrenal medullaAdrenal Gland Part 3 Adrenal medulla Adrenal medulla