Chapter 17 Section 1 Main Ideas Main Idea

Chapter 17; Section 1 Main Ideas § Main Idea #1: Role of Government Hobbes – Supported strong government § Locke – Supported individual rights § § Main Idea #2: Philosophes § § Famous: Montesquieu, Voltaire, Diderot, Rousseau Main Idea #3: New Economic Thinking § Laissez Faire & Adam Smith (free market with little or no government intervention)

Chapter 17; Section 1 Notes Section 1; Philosophy in the Age of Reason believed that every problem could be solved through thinking / reason n Scientific Revolution Sparks the Enlightenment believing natural laws, rules discoverable by reason governed scientific forces, could solve social, economic, and political problems n ¨ German philosopher Immanuel Kant was one of the first to call this new era “enlightenment”

n Hobbes and Locke Have Conflicting Views about human nature and the role of government as they grew up during the English Civil War ¨ Hobbes Believes in Powerful Government / absolute monarchy as he wrote Leviathan and described people as naturally cruel and mean ¨ Locke Advocates Natural Rights (rights that belonged to all humans: life, liberty, and property) in his book Two Treatises of Government describing people formed governments to protect their natural rights and limit government

Can you relate… n Think of a movie, book, or tv show that represents the basic view of Hobbes & Locke dealing with role of government. ¨ Be prepared to defend your answer. ¨ Example n Why / Explanation: ___________ ¨ Example n of Hobbes: _________ of Locke: _________ Why / Explanation: ___________

n The Philosophes were a group of French Enlightenment thinkers who believed methods of science could lead to government, law, and social reforms ¨ Montesquieu Advances the Idea of Separation of Powers into 3 branches and a system of checks and balances in his book The Spirit of the Laws ¨ Voltaire (Francois-Marie Arouet) Defends Freedom of Thought, and he believed it was his job to say what he thought (vary controversial life); Wit was Voltaire’s strongest weapon targeting corrupt officials and idle aristocrats battling inequality, injustice, and superstition ¨ Diderot Edits the Encyclopedia (28 -volume set of books describing government, philosophy, and religion ¨ Rousseau Promotes The Social Contract (his book) believing people in their natural state were basically good, and people were corrupted by the evils of society ¨ Women Challenge the Philosophes as they were not considered to part of the Enlightenment idea of “free and equal”; Germaine de Stael in France, Catharine Macaulay and Mary Wollstonecraft in Britain were women philosophes

Section 1: Philosophy in the Age of Reason Activity Enlightenment Thinkers… Hobbes Locke Work Known For… Basic Concept… Leviathan Powerful Government Natural Rights Two Treatises of Government Montesquieu The Spirit of the Laws Voltaire Freedom of Thought Encyclopedia Dissemination of Knowledge The Social Nature vs. Contract Nurture Diderot Rousseau *Do not fill in this box 3 Branches of Government Concept in Today’s Society?

n New Economic Thinking was done by French physiocrats, and they too based their thinking on natural laws ¨ Laissez Faire Replaces Mercantilism (rejected it) allowing business to operate with little or no government influence, supported free trade and opposed tariffs ¨ Smith Argues for a Free Market (Scottish economist) wrote The Wealth of Nations in which he argued free market should be allowed to regulate business activity; Smith really focused on the idea of supply and demand

Laissez Faire vs. Mercantilism Activity n Think of a modern day example that represents Laissez Faire and Mercantilism ¨ Have reasons to defend your choice n. Laissez Faire / Today’s Example n. Why / Defend your Answer n. Mercantilism / Today’s Example n. Why / Defend your Answer

Chapter 17; Section 1 Main Ideas § Main Idea #1: Role of Government Hobbes – Supported… § Locke – Supported… § § Main Idea #2: Philosophes § § Famous…. Main Idea #3: New Economic Thinking § Laissez Faire…

§ Chapter 17; Section 2 Main Ideas Main Idea #1: Challenges to Society § § § Censorship by government & Church People used Salons to avoid censorship Main Idea #2: Arts & Literature Art & Classical Music went from Baroque to Rococo § The modern novel is create § § Main Idea #3: Enlightenment Despots § Examples: Fredrick II (Prussia), Catherine the Great (Russia), and Joseph II (Hungary)

Chapter 17; Section 2 Notes n n Section 2; Enlightenment Ideas Spread constantly challenging traditional beliefs and customs in all areas of society New Ideas Challenge Society through the dissemination of knowledge, but not everyone agreed ¨ Writers Face Censorship (restricting access to ideas and information) from the government and church through banning and burning books, imprisoning writers ¨ Ideas Spread in Salons (informal social gatherings) as a group of noblewomen in Paris began inviting friends to their homes for poetry readings

Censorship & Salons Activity… n Can you relate…. ¨ Think of 3 examples of censorship in today’s society. nrestricting n Example…. access to ideas n Example…. and information n Example…. ¨ Think of 2 examples of salons in today’s society. n Example…

n Arts and Literature Reflect New Ideas as the artists were paid to represent the patron’s views ¨ The Enlightenment Inspires Composers creating operas and ballets (baroque to rococo to classical) such as Johann Sebastian Bach, George Frideric Handel, Franz Joseph Haydn, and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ¨ The Novel Takes Shape as the middle-class enjoyed stories about their own times told in straightforward prose n Example: Daniel Defoe wrote Robinson Crusoe

n Enlightenment Despots Embrace New Ideas and tried to bringing about political and social change ¨ Fredrick II Attempts Reform in Prussia by reducing torture, allowing freedom of press, simplified laws, increased religious tolerance (but in the end, Fredrick desired more power) ¨ Catherine the Great (Russia) Studies Philosophes’ Works, believed in equality and liberty, made reforms in law and government, abolished torture, established religious tolerance, criticized serfdom; Catherine did not give up any power ¨ Joseph II Continues Reform in Austria: religious equality, freedom of press, attempted to control the Catholic Church, and ended serfdom; Following his death most of his reforms were canceled

§ Chapter 17; Section 2 Main Ideas Main Idea #1: Challenges to Society § § § Main Idea #2: Arts & Literature § § § Censorship by… People used… Art & Classical Music… The modern novel… Main Idea #3: Enlightenment Despots § Examples…

§ § Chapter 17; Section 3 Main Ideas Main Idea #1: Britain becomes a global power Main Idea #2: Colonial Discontent Stamp Act & Declaratory Act § Main Idea #3: American Revolution, U. S. is created (yay) §

Chapter 17; Section 3 Notes Section 3; Birth of the American Republic was a difficult task (Britain was powerful) n Britain Becomes a Global Power: Location; less restrictions on business, commerce, and trade; generally on the winning side of European conflicts; England’s territory expanded closer to home (1707 England Wales were united with Scotland to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain) n

Colonists Express Discontent as they were asked to help pay for the Seven Years’ War and the French and Indian War with the implementation of the Stamp Act in 1756 (taxes on items) and the Declaratory Act (declared complete authority over the colonists) n The American Revolution Continues as there were many positives and negatives for both sides n

Stamp Act & Declaratory Acts n If you had to think of an example of a Stamp Act today, what would it be? ¨ Answer: n n __________ Why? __________________ If you had to think of an example of Declaratory Acts today, what would it be? ¨ Answer: n __________ Why? __________________

n A New Constitution was redrafted in the summer of 1787 in Philadelphia ¨ Enlightenment Ideas Have a Great Impact as Framers of the Constitution used many of Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau’s ideas Creating a Federal Republic (federal / 3 branches and state governments & a system of checks and balances) n The Bill of Rights (the first 10 Amendments to the Constitution) n

Section 3 Activity… Enlightenment Thinkers… Hobbes Locke Montesquieu Voltaire Diderot Rousseau Their Basic Concepts… Example of Concept in America

§ Chapter 17; Section 3 Main Ideas Main Idea #1: Britain becomes a global power § § Main Idea #2: Colonial Discontent § § Examples… Main Idea #3: American Revolution § Americans…

Timeline Major events with dates n Quick blurb with details n Images and symbols to illustrate n