CHAPTER 17 SECTION 1 FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND DIPLOMACY

ISOLATIONISM TO INTERNATIONALISM • Domestic affairs (Home), Foreign affairs (nation’s relationship with other nations)

ISOLATIONISM TO INTERNATIONALISM • Wars and other political upheavals abroad have an impact on

FOREIGN POLICY DEFINED • Foreign Policy: made up of all of the stands and

FOREIGN POLICY DEFINED • Some aspects remain unchanged over time. • Ex: an insistence

THE STATE DEPARTMENT • Headed by the secretary of state • Appointed by the

THE SECRETARY OF STATE • Ranks first among the members of the President’s Cabinet.

ORGANIZATION AND COMPONENTS • Organized along both geographic and functional lines • Bureau of

OVERSEAS REPRESENTATIVES • 12, 000 people now represent the U. S. as members of

AMBASSADORS • Ambassador: the official representative of a sovereign state in the conduct of

AMBASSADORS • President makes appointments (reward for those individuals’ support) • Many cases positions

SPECIAL DIPLOMATS • United States representative to the UN and the American member of

DIPLOMATIC IMMUNITY • In International law, every sovereign state is supreme within its own

DIPLOMATIC IMMUNITY • Essential to the ability of every nation to conduct its foreign

PASSPORTS • Passport: legal document issued by a state that identifies a person as

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CHAPTER 17 SECTION 1 “FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND DIPLOMACY” PAGE 482 -487

ISOLATIONISM TO INTERNATIONALISM • Domestic affairs (Home), Foreign affairs (nation’s relationship with other nations) • Isolationism: a purposeful refusal to become generally involved in the affairs of the res of the world • Before 1940 s-World War II U. S. position changed • Today, survival of the U. S. is affected by much that happens elsewhere on the globe.

ISOLATIONISM TO INTERNATIONALISM • Wars and other political upheavals abroad have an impact on the United States on the daily lives of American people. • Threats posed by “rogue states” that threaten the security of the U. S. • Economic conditions elsewhere in the world also have a direct and often immediate effect on and in this country. • Policies that protect and promote the security of all nations can assure the security and well-being of the United States.

FOREIGN POLICY DEFINED • Foreign Policy: made up of all of the stands and actions that a nation takes in every aspect of its relationships with other countries—diplomatic, military, commercial, and all others. • Consists of all the Federal government’s officials statements and all of its actions as it conducts this nation’s foreign relations. • Ex: alliances, international trade, the defense budget, foreign economic & military aid, the U. N. , nuclear weapons testing, and disarmament negotiations.

FOREIGN POLICY DEFINED • Some aspects remain unchanged over time. • Ex: an insistence on freedom of the seas has been a basic part of American policy from the nation’s beginnings. • Some are flexible • The U. S. relationship with the Soviet Union • The President is both the nation’s chief diplomat and the commander in chief of its armed forces.

THE STATE DEPARTMENT • Headed by the secretary of state • Appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate

THE SECRETARY OF STATE • Ranks first among the members of the President’s Cabinet. • Thomas Jefferson-first • First woman: Madeleine Albright • First African American: Colin Powell • First African American woman: Condoleezza Rice

ORGANIZATION AND COMPONENTS • Organized along both geographic and functional lines • Bureau of African Affairs and the Bureau of Near Eastern affairs • Other agencies have broader missions • Ex: Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs

OVERSEAS REPRESENTATIVES • 12, 000 people now represent the U. S. as members of the Foreign Service • Under international law, every nation has the right of legation: the right to send and receive diplomatic representatives. • International law: rules & principles that guide sovereign states in dealing with one another • Sources of International law include treaties, decisions of international courts, and custom,

AMBASSADORS • Ambassador: the official representative of a sovereign state in the conduct of its foreign affairs. • 260 diplomatic and consular offices abroad • Promote American interests such as encouraging trade, gathering intelligence data, advising persons who seek to enter the U. S, and aiding American citizens who are abroad.

AMBASSADORS • President makes appointments (reward for those individuals’ support) • Many cases positions filled with career diplomats in the Foreign Service.

SPECIAL DIPLOMATS • United States representative to the UN and the American member of the North Atlantic Treaty Council.

DIPLOMATIC IMMUNITY • In International law, every sovereign state is supreme within its own boundaries. • All persons or things found within that state’s territories. • Major exception to the rule: ambassadors granted diplomatic immunity (Not subject to the laws of the state to which they are accredited. ) • Cannot be arrested, sued, or taxed

DIPLOMATIC IMMUNITY • Essential to the ability of every nation to conduct its foreign relations. • The practice assumes that diplomats will not abuse their privileged status. • Diplomat’s conduct unacceptable, that official may be declared persona non grata and expelled from the country • Mistreatment of a diplomat is a violation of international law

PASSPORTS • Passport: legal document issued by a state that identifies a person as a citizen of that state. • Grants that person a right of protection while traveling abroad and the right to return to their homeland. • State Department issues passports • Visas: a permit to enter another state and must be obtained from the country one wishes to enter.