CHAPTER 17 REVOLUTION AND ENLIGHTENMENT 1550 1800 HTTPS

CHAPTER 17 REVOLUTION AND ENLIGHTENMENT 1550 -1800 HTTPS: //WWW. YOUTUBE. COM/WATCH? V=CVMNVCEKJRG BIG IDEA: SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION GAVE A NEW WAY OF VIEWING THE UNIVERSE.

CAUSES OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION � Middle Ages ……… � “Natural philosophers”- medieval scientists didn’t observe natural world. �used ancients (ex: Aristotle) –scientific knowledge.

• Renaissance Impact • Mastery of Greek & Latin. • Study ancients (Ptolemy, Archimedes & Plato). • Contradicted Aristotle-caused questioning • New technology & mathematics problems • require observation & accurate measurements • telescope & microscope • printing press • Mathematics

ASTRONOMY BREAK THROUGHS � � new view of universe. The Ptolemaic System (Middle Ages) � geocentric -Earth center of universe. ( church view) �Spheres- God controlled � 10 th sphere “prime mover. ” �Outside 10 th sphere= heaven Say what !!!!

COPERNICUS, KEPLER & GALILEO � � � Nicolas Copernicus � universe –heliocentric (sun centered) � Earth Rotated on axis Johannes Kepler � laws of planetary motion. � planets –elliptical orbits (egg shaped) Galileo � telescope � Proved sun center of universe & � Planets not orbs of light-solid matter � Angered church.

NEWTON’S VIEW OF THE UNIVERSE � 3 laws of motion –control planets � universal law of gravitation- explains elliptical orbit around sun. � world machine concept- Natural law controlled the universe.

BREAKTHROUGHS IN MEDICINE Galen-Middle Ages physician � Dissected animals �Liver began blood circulation (wrong) � William Harvey & Andreas Vesalius � Dissected people �Harvey - Heart- beginning of blood circulation �Vesalius- identified organs �

BREAKTHROUGHS IN CHEMISTRY Robert Boyle � Boyle’s law �Gas volume varies with pressure � Antoine Lavoisier � Founder of modern Chemistry � invented naming chemical elements �

WOMEN’S CONTRIBUTIONS • Margaret Cavendish (philosopher) • Disagreed humans master nature through science • Maria Winkelmann • . astronomer-discovered a comet

PHILOSOPHY AND REASON � Rene Descartes � Father of Rationalism � Reason = Knowledge (ability to think & conclude) � Wrote about doubt & uncertainty �believed what reason said was true �“I think. Therefore I am. ” �His existence

BACON & THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD � Francis Bacon � Learn about nature using inductive reasoning- start with detailed facts & move towards general principles. �Scientific methodsystematic procedure for collecting & analyzing evidence.

SECTION 1 REVIEW � Sun-centered model of the universe � Heliocentric � He developed laws of planetary motion � Kepler � His observations suggested that planets had substance. � Galileo

SECTION 1 REVIEW Francis Bacon, who developed the scientific method, was also what? Philosopher This included a systematic procedure, based on collecting and analyzing evidence, and crucial to the evolution of science. Scientific method

SECTION 1 REVIEW � Egg-shaped � Elliptical � Law of universal attraction � Gravity � Proceeding from the particular to the general is called what? � Inductive reasoning

SECTION 1 REVIEW � Rene Descartes believed in one absolute truth, � which was? � His own existence � Rationalism is the belief that reason is the chief source of what? � knowledge