Chapter 17 Organizing Lifes Diversity Classification n The

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Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity

Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity

Classification n The grouping of objects or information based on similiarities

Classification n The grouping of objects or information based on similiarities

Taxonomy Science of classification n 1 st classification system was done by Aristotle (Greek

Taxonomy Science of classification n 1 st classification system was done by Aristotle (Greek Philosopher). n

Aristotle’s Classification n Animals were classified as to where they lived. n Land dewellers

Aristotle’s Classification n Animals were classified as to where they lived. n Land dewellers n Water dewellers n Air dewellers n Plants were classified as the following n Herbs n Shrubs n Trees

Carolus Linnaeus n Swedish naturalist formulated a system called Binomial Nomenclature Two word naming

Carolus Linnaeus n Swedish naturalist formulated a system called Binomial Nomenclature Two word naming system (all organisms given scientific names n Consists of the genus & species n Latin Words / Italicized n Ex. n n Man = Homo(Genus) sapien(Species) n Lynx rufus (Lynx = Genus, rufus = species)

Scientific Naming

Scientific Naming

7 Basic Taxa for Classification n Kingdom – Largest grouping 6 n Phylum –

7 Basic Taxa for Classification n Kingdom – Largest grouping 6 n Phylum – subgroup of kingdom n Class – subgroup of phylum n Order – subgroup of class n Family – subgroup of order n Genus – subgroup of family n Species – subgroup of species

Example: Man n Kingdom – Animalia n Phylum – Chordata – backbone like structure

Example: Man n Kingdom – Animalia n Phylum – Chordata – backbone like structure n Class – Mammalia – female produce milk for their young n Order – Primate – stand upright n Family – Homindae – manlike structure n Genus – Homo – true man n Species – sapien - wise

Classification Taxonomy

Classification Taxonomy

Organisms are classified by: n 1. Structural similarities n 2. Embryological Evidence n 3.

Organisms are classified by: n 1. Structural similarities n 2. Embryological Evidence n 3. Genetic Similarities (chromosomes) n 4. Biochemical n 5. Geographical distribution

How do you classify?

How do you classify?

17. 2 The Six Kingdoms Evolutionary Relationships n Phylogenetic Classification n Phylogeny – shows

17. 2 The Six Kingdoms Evolutionary Relationships n Phylogenetic Classification n Phylogeny – shows the evolutionary history of species n Models n Cladogram – model of the phylogeny of a species n Fanlike – includes both Earth’s geologic time and the probable evolution of organisms during the timespan n

Cladograms

Cladograms

Six Kingdoms n 1. Archaebacteria – ex. Bacteria n Prokaryotic n Unicellular n Autotrophic

Six Kingdoms n 1. Archaebacteria – ex. Bacteria n Prokaryotic n Unicellular n Autotrophic & heterotrophic n The oldest fossil is 3. 5 billion years ago n Live in extreme environments (swamp, bottom of ocean)

Archaebacteria

Archaebacteria

Six Kingdoms n 2. Eubacteria – ex. Bacteria (blue green aglae) n 10, 000

Six Kingdoms n 2. Eubacteria – ex. Bacteria (blue green aglae) n 10, 000 species n Live everywhere except extreme environments n Single cell (unicellular) n Autotrophs & heterotrophic n Microscopic

Bacteria

Bacteria

Six Kingdoms n 3. Kingdom Protista – ex. Amoeba, algae n Single cell or

Six Kingdoms n 3. Kingdom Protista – ex. Amoeba, algae n Single cell or multicellular n Aquatic (water) n Eukaryotic n Heterotrophic & autotrophic Amoeba

Six Kingdoms n 4. Kingdom Fungi – ex. Mold, mushroom n Eukaryotic n Multicellular

Six Kingdoms n 4. Kingdom Fungi – ex. Mold, mushroom n Eukaryotic n Multicellular and Unicellular n Terrestrial n Heterotrophic n Cell wall contains chitin

Six Kingdoms n 5. Kingdom Plantae (plants) n Autotrophic n Multicellular n Terrestrial (land)

Six Kingdoms n 5. Kingdom Plantae (plants) n Autotrophic n Multicellular n Terrestrial (land) (mostly) n Eukaryotic n Cell wall make of cellulose

Six Kingdoms n 6. Kingdom Animalia – ex. Dog, giraffe n Heterotrophic n Multicellular

Six Kingdoms n 6. Kingdom Animalia – ex. Dog, giraffe n Heterotrophic n Multicellular n Eukaryotic n Aquatic & Terrestrial n Mobile