Chapter 17 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis 1

Nucleic Acids 2 Nucleic acids are • • • molecules that store information for

Nucleic Acids 3 The nucleic acids DNA and RNA consist of monomers called nucleotides

Bases 4 The bases in DNA and RNA are • • pyrimidines C, T,

Bases in DNA and RNA 5 DNA contains the bases • Cytosine (C) •

Pentose Sugars 6 The pentose (five-carbon) sugar • • • in RNA is ribose

Nucleosides 7 A nucleoside • is a combination of a sugar and base •

Nucleosides 8 A base forms an N-glycosidic bond with a ribose or deoxyribose sugar

Nucleotides 9 A nucleotide • • is formed when the phosphate group on C

Nucleotides 10 The nucleotides of RNA are identical to those of DNA, except in

Components in DNA and RNA 11 Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological

Naming Nucleosides and Nucleotides 12 Nucleosides • that contain a purine end with osine

Nucleosides and Nucleotides in DNA, RNA 13 Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and

Learning Check 14 Give the name and abbreviation for the following and list its

Solution 15 Give the name and abbreviation for the following and list its base

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Chapter 17 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis 1 17. 1 Components of Nucleic Acids Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Nucleic Acids 2 Nucleic acids are • • • molecules that store information for cellular growth and reproduction deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) large molecules consisting of long chains of monomers called nucleotides found in the cell nucleus Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Nucleic Acids 3 The nucleic acids DNA and RNA consist of monomers called nucleotides that consist of a • pentose sugar • base • phosphate Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition nucleotide Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Bases 4 The bases in DNA and RNA are • • pyrimidines C, T, and U purines A and G Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Bases in DNA and RNA 5 DNA contains the bases • Cytosine (C) • Guanine (G) same in both DNA and RNA • Adenine (A) • Thymine (T) different in DNA than in RNA contains the bases • Cytosine (C) • Guanine (G) same in both DNA and RNA • Adenine (A) • Uracil (U) different in RNA than in DNA Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Pentose Sugars 6 The pentose (five-carbon) sugar • • • in RNA is ribose in DNA is deoxyribose, with no O atom on carbon 2' has carbon atoms numbered with primes to distinguish them from the atoms in the bases Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Nucleosides 7 A nucleoside • is a combination of a sugar and base • has a base linked by a glycosidic bond to C 1′ of a sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) • is named by changing the base ending to -osine for purines and -idine for pyrimidines Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Nucleosides 8 A base forms an N-glycosidic bond with a ribose or deoxyribose sugar to form a nucleoside. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Nucleotides 9 A nucleotide • • is formed when the phosphate group on C 5′ in the nucleoside group bonds to −OH on C 5′ of a ribose or deoxyribose sugar is named using the name of the nucleoside, followed by 5′-monophosphate Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Nucleotides 10 The nucleotides of RNA are identical to those of DNA, except in DNA the sugar is deoxyribose and deoxythymidine replaces uridine. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Naming Nucleosides and Nucleotides 12 Nucleosides • that contain a purine end with osine • that contain a pyrimidine end with idine • of DNA add deoxy to the beginning of their name Corresponding nucleotides in RNA and DNA are named by adding -5'-monophosphate. Abbreviations for bases A, G, C, U, and T are often used in respective nucleosides and nucleotides. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Learning Check 14 Give the name and abbreviation for the following and list its base and sugar. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Solution 15 Give the name and abbreviation for the following and list its base and sugar. The name of this nucleotide is Guanosine-59 -monophosphate (GMP) Deoxyguanosine-59 -monophosphate (d. GMP) Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.