Chapter 17 Creating American Foreign Policy Foreign Policy

Chapter 17 • Creating American Foreign Policy

Foreign Policy • How our government deals with other nations • Many shifts • Neutrality • Imperialism

goals • Based on America’s vital interests • • Protecting security Preserving peace Promoting prosperity Pursuing humanitarian ideals

National Security • Most important job of government = protect people from attack • Create armed forces • Form military alliances • Priority = protect citizens from terrorism

World Peace • Peaceful world = security from both a military and economic view • United Nations (UN) = peacekeeping organization • Mediation

Economic Prosperity • Government protects the right of Americans to buy and sell goods to and from other countries • US = leader in globalization = more open less restricted trade & communication among nations

Humanitarian Ideals • Promote freedom & democracy • Ending poverty • Promoting human rights • How? • Send aide to other countries, assist with elections

Foreign Policy • • Getting other countries to do what we want 2 ways #1 Soft Power or persuasion Many forms from diplomacy to exchange of arts

Diplomacy • Art and practice of conducting negotiotions between countries • Diplomat = government official in another country • Ambassador = highest ranking diplomat

Diplomatic Recognition • 1 st step • Acknowledgement of another country’s government • Approve • Disapprove

Summits • Meetings with national leaders • G 8 Summit = global economy • 1972 = Nixon to China = led to 1979 diplomatic recognition

Treaties • Agreements that solve problems peacefully • Bilateral = 2 countries • Multilateral = 3 or more countries • War • Environment

Trade Relations • Use to show approval or disapproval of a government • Most agreements include “most-favorednation clause” • Countries are treated equally

Foreign Aid • Cash • Equipment • People • US provided aid to 180 other nations • Page 315 (5 types)

Cultural Exchange • • • Increase of goodwill and understanding Eduaction Science Business Performers

#2 Hard Power Tools of Foreign Policy • Designed to coerce another country to adopt a course of action • How?

Intelligence • Info about other country • Related to National Security • CIA (gather info through public sources or by spying)

Covert Action • Secret operation that supports the country’s foreign policy • Cold War • al Qaeda • Agents…. . airplanes…. . drones

Boycotts & Economic Sanctions • Economic Pressure • Boycott • Refusal to buy goods or take part in something • Sanction • Action taken against a government to get it to change policy (trade barrier to hurt economy)

Military Alliance • Agreement by countries to defend each other in case of attack • Mutual Protection • NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) • 28 nations

Armed Force • Last resort • “war is a failure of diplomacy” • Full scale war is often not necessary

Foreign Policy • “C” = divides responsibility between President & Congress • Treaties • Ambassadors • War

Bureaucracy • Administrations & Organizations • Page 320 (4 areas of responsibility) • • Diplomacy Intelligence National Security Economy

Influence of Congress • Congress must “fund” actions by the President • “power of the purse” • Congress can conduct investigations into foreign policy issues • Foreign Relation Committees in the Senate & House shape legislation and advise the President

Public Opinion • Does the public support government actions? • Polls say “yes” or “no” and President usually listens.

Worldviews • How American’s view foreign policy depends on how they see the world • • • Isolationism Containment Disengagement Human Rights Antiterrorism