Chapter 16 The Reproductive System Lecture Presentation by

Gonads Structure: primary sex organs Testes : males Ovaries : females Function: Endocrine and Exocrine Secrete hormones produce gametes (sex cells) Sperm—male gametes Ova (eggs)—female gametes © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: TESTES AND ACCESSORY STRUCTURES Pages 538 -547

Male Reproductive Anatomy Exocrine Function Testes structure from inside out and path of sperm: Seminiferous tubules (produce the sperm) Rete testis (gateway to epididymis) Epididymis (duct) Vas deferens (duct) Spermatic cord- (here the vas deferens runs alongside the blood and nerve supply to arrive at the prostate) Ejaculatory duct- moves sperm through prostate to urethra This is a series of tubes and ducts through which sperm is created and transported for exit by way of the urethra This action is driven by peristaltic waves © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

FIGURE 16. 1 SAGITTAL SECTION OF THE TESTIS AND ASSOCIATED EPIDIDYMIS. Spermatic cord Blood vessels and nerves Seminiferous tubule Rete testis Ductus (vas) deferens Epididymis Lobule Septum Tunica albuginea

Male Reproductive Anatomy: Endocrine Function Interstitial cells (epithelial) surround the seminiferous tubules These cells produce androgens (group of sex hormones) Testosterone: promotes growth/development of reproductive structures Promotes development of secondary sex characteristics

Accessory Reproductive Structures Seminal glands (vesicles): makes 60% of semen high in fructose, vitamins, prostaglandins, which nourish and activate sperm Located at the base of the bladder Contains a yellow pigment that makes semen flouresce by UV light and therefore can be used in sexual assault investigations © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Accessory Reproductive Structures Prostate: makes 40% of semen Produces milky fluid to activate sperm Enhances sperm motility Bulbo-urethral glands: Lie just under prostate Produce mucus that clears the urethra of urine prior to ejaculation

FIGURE 16. 2 A MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS. Ureter Urinary bladder Prostatic urethra Seminal vesicle Ejaculatory duct Prostate Bulbo-urethral gland Ductus (vas) deferens Epididymis Testis Scrotum Glans penis Prepuce

External Genitalia Penis delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract arrangement of dense connective tissue sheaths, spongy partitions (caverns), and muscular tissues that provide: Erection: controlled by the parasympathetic n. s. Ejaculation: controlled by the sympathetic n. s. Scrotum sac of skin outside the abdomen that houses the testes maintains testes at body temperature to protect sperm © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

FIGURE 16. 2 B MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS. Urinary bladder Prostate Ureter Ampulla of ductus deferens Seminal vesicle Ejaculatory duct Bulbo-urethral gland Membranous urethra Root of penis Ductus (vas) deferens Erectile tissue of penis Epididymis Shaft (body) of penis Testis Spongy urethra (b) Glans penis Prepuce External urethral orifice

FIGURE 16. 2 A MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS. Urinary bladder urethra Urogenital diaphragm Bulbo-urethral gland Ductus (vas) deferens Erectile tissue of the penis Spongy urethra Shaft of the penis External urethral orifice