Chapter 16 The Progressives Section 1 Notes Progressivism

Chapter 16 - The Progressives Section 1 Notes Progressivism

Vocabulary � Please define the key terms and people on pg. 522

What was progressivism? � Progressivism was a reform movement to address many social problems that industrialization created � Reform writers exposed many of the social ills that Progressives targeted � Popular magazines printed first hand accounts they had witnessed � These journalists were known as muckrakers because they raked up the filth of society

Muckrakers

Muckrakers � Most articles focused on political corruption � Ida Tarbell wrote a report on Standard Oil Company � Her reports frightened the middle-class reader about the unchecked power of large businesses

Muckrakers � Other 1. 2. 3. 4. muckrakers wrote about: insurance and stock manipulation Child labor Slum conditions Racial discrimination Muckrakers paved the way for many reforms in the U. S.

Reforming Society Housing Reforms 1. Tenement Act of 1901 this law forced landlords to install lighting in public hallways and provide one toilet for every two families 2. Outhouses were eventually banned from New York City slums �

Fighting for civil rights � Some fought prejudice in society � 1909 - Ida Wells- Barnett, W. E. B. Du Bois, and Jane Addams formed the multiracial national association for the advancement of colored people (NAACP)

NAACP � 1913 - fought segregation into the federal government � Protested the film ‘Birth of a Nation’ because of its hostile stereotyping of African Americans � http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=77 Z 8 A 4 lz UOQ&feature=related

ADL � 1913 - Sigmund Livingston, a Jewish man living in Chicago, created the Anti. Defamation League (ADL) � The mission was to fight anti-Semitism � ADL began combating the use of stereotyping of Jews in print, stage, and in films � By 1920, the practice in newspapers had nearly stopped

Reforming the workplace � Progressive reformers took up the cause of working women and children � 1893 - Florence Kelley helped persuade Illinois to prohibit child labor and limit the number of hours women worked � 1904 - Kelley helped form the National Child Labor Committee to ban child labor

Reforming the workplace � Progressives also organized state by state campaigns to limit women’s workdays � Oregon- 10 hours, Utah- 8 hours � Labor unions and progressives worked to secure laws ensuring a minimum wage � 1912 - Massachusetts became the first state to set a minimum wage � 1938 - Congress finally passed a national minimum wage

Courts and child labor � Lochner v. New York , the supreme court ruled in favor of the business owners � But in 1908 the court sided with the workers in the case of Muller v. Oregon � It upheld a 10 - hour workday for women in laundries and factories � It was shown that working long hours harmed the health of women

The Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire � New York 1911 � 500 young women worked at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company that made women’s blouses � A fire erupted from a discarded match � The 8 th, 9 th, and 10 th floor were ablaze � It was nearly impossible to escape

The Triangle Shirtwaist fire � Door were locked to prevent theft � The fire escape couldn’t handle the weight and gave way � Workers jumped from the building to their death � 146 people died � Due to the fire, New York state passed the toughest fire-safety laws

Triangle Shirtwaist political cartoons � http: //www. ilr. cornell. edu/trianglefire/photos/c artoon_display. html? sec_id=10 Moviehttp: //player. discoveryeducation. com/index. cfm ? guid. Asset. Id=A 25490 FD-95 FA-4887 -81 AE 7 BA 341 E 6 AF 6 A&bln. From. Search=1&product code=US#

The unions � New unions arose during the progressive era: 1. (ILGWU)- International Ladies’ Garment Workers Union- they allowed unskilled workers 1909 - the garment workers called a strike known as the ‘Uprising of the 20, 000’ The strikers won shorter workweek and higher wages

The unions continued � IWW- Industrial Workers of the World organized unskilled workers � They were known as wobblies � They used strikes, boycotts, and industrial sabotage � IWW led 20, 000 workers on strike in Massachusetts � After a 10 week strike they won raised wages

City government reforms Tom Johnson of Cleveland, Ohio set new rules for police, supported fair taxes � Samuel Jones of Toledo, Ohio overhauled the police, set a minimum wage for workers, and opened kindergarten for children �

City government reforms New government structures 1. Massive hurricane hit Galveston, TX 2. Texas set up a 5 member commission 3. By 1918, 500 American cities adopted the commission plan of city government �

Election Reforms › 17 th amendment- gave voters the power to vote for their U. S. senators › Fought for secret ballots › Initiative- allows voters to put a proposed law on the ballot › Referendum- allows citizens to vote on laws › Recall- allows citizens to remove officials from office

The Jungle � By Upton Sinclair � Pg. 528