Chapter 16 Testing Madelynne Mc Donald Vital Signs

Chapter 16 Testing -Madelynne Mc. Donald-

Vital Signs n Temperature n Elevated body temperature is called Febrile or Pyrexia (fever). n Afebrile means without fever. n Hypothermia is a decrease in body temperature

Vital Signs n Pulse Number of times the heart beats per minute is called the Pulse Rate and is taken by palpating an artery. n Heart Rate is the number of times the heart contracts and relaxes per minute and is taken by auscultating the heart with a stethoscope. n

Vital Signs Respiration Rate is the number of respirations per minute, classified as one total inhale and one total exhale. n Blood Pressure n A sphygmomanometer is used to measure blood pressure. n A Doppler is used to listen to blood sounds during the measurement of blood pressure in animals. n

Blood Test Terms Venipuncture: withdrawing blood from a vein. n Assay: assessment or test to determine the number of organisms, cells, or amount of a chemical substance found in a sample. n Complete Blood Count: diagnosis evaluation of blood to determine the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes per cubic millimeter of blood. n

Blood Test Terms n n Profile: group of laboratory tests performed on serum; also called screen or panel. Includes tests that measure levels of glucose, liver enzymes, and kidney enzymes. Red Cell Count: number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter of blood Serology: lab study of serum and the reactions of antigens and antibodies White Cell Count: number of leukocytes per millimeter of blood.

Types of Diseases Contagious Disease: disease that can be spread from one animal to another by direct or indirect contact (a. k. a. communicable). n Iatrogenic Disease: disorder caused by physicians or veterinarians. n Idiopathic Disease: disorder with an unknown cause n Nosocomial Infection: disorder caused by pathogenic organisms contracted in a facility or clinic. n

Examinations Endoscopy: the visual examination of the interior of any cavity of the body by means of an endoscope. n Centesis: the surgical puncture to remove fluid or gas for diagnostic purposes or for treatment. n

Imaging Techniques n Radiography: the procedure in which film is exposed as ionizing radiation passes through the patient and shows the internal body structures in profile. Projection: the path of the x-ray beam n Positioning: the specified body position and the part of the body closest to the film n

Imaging Techniques Computed Tomography: the procedure in which ionizing radiation with computer assistance passes through the patient and shows the internal body structures in cross -sectional views. n Magnetic Resonance Imaging: the procedure in which radio waves and a strong magnetic field pass through the patient and show the internal body structures in 3 -D views. n

Imaging Techniques Fluoroscopy: the procedure used to visually examine internal body structures in motion using radiation to project images onto a fluorescent screen. n Ultrasound: imaging of internal body structures by recording echoes of highfrequency waves. n n Echoic: property of producing adequate levels of reflections when sound waves are returned to the transducer and displayed.