Chapter 16 Present Active Indicative English Grammar 1

Chapter 16 Present Active Indicative

English Grammar 1. Time: (usually) present 2. Aspect: Imperfective (“I am studying. ”) 3. Voice: Active 4. Mood: Indicative

Overview Chart: Present Active Indicative Present tense stem + Connecting vowel + Primary active personal endings λυ + ο + μεν → λύομεν

Present Active Indicative λύω λύεις λύει I am loosing You are loosing He/she/it is loosing ο ε ε ς ι λύομεν λύετε λύουσι(ν) We are loosing You are loosing They are loosing ο ε ο μεν τε νσι

Formation of Verb Root and Stem • The most basic form of the verb in a particular tense Connecting vowel • μ or ν: ο (λέγομεν) • Anything else: ε (λέγετε)

Formation of Verb μ or ν: ο (λέγομεν) Anything else: ε (λέγετε)

Formation of Verb Personal ending • Agree with subject (εἰμί) • Subject not required • Confirm right subject (linkage) Primary Personal Endings • First of four

Master Personal Ending Chart Primary Active Middle/Passive Secondary

Personal Pronouns (Nominative) Emphasis • ἐγὼ ἀγαπῶ Ῥόβιν. Contrast • “Not as I will but as you will. ” Reflexive?

Personal Pronouns (Nominative) ἐγὼ ἀγαπῶ Ῥόβιν.

Master Indicative Verb Chart Tense Present act Aug/ Redup Tense stem pres Tense form. Conn. vowel Personal endings 1 st sg paradigm ο/ε prim act λύω

Summary 1. Present active indicative 2. Verbal root – tense stem 3. Connecting vowels (ο/ε) 4. Primary active endings (agreement)

Vocabulary Learn form, definition, root (“stem”) Second line • Write out on your vocab cards • Ignore for now

Vocabulary ἀκούω

Vocabulary βλέπω

Vocabulary ἔχω

Vocabulary λύω

Vocabulary ὅπου

Vocabulary πιστεύω

Vocabulary τότε