chapter 15 URETERS URINARY BLADDER URETHRA Pages 520

chapter 15: URETERS, URINARY BLADDER, URETHRA Pages 520 -524

FIGURE 15. 1 A ORGANS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM. Hepatic veins (cut) Inferior vena cava Adrenal gland Aorta Iliac crest Renal artery Renal hilum Renal vein Kidney Ureters Rectum (cut) Uterus (part of female reproductive system) (a) Urinary bladder Urethra

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. URETERS 2 tubes; attach kidney to urinary bladder xtension urine of the renal pelvis transport is aided by: Peristalsis Gravity

FIGURE 15. 6 BASIC STRUCTURE OF THE FEMALE URINARY BLADDER AND URETHRA. Urinary bladder Ureteral orifice Internal urethral orifice Urethra

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. URINARY BLADDER Function: stores urine temporarily Tissues of the urinary bladder: Three layers of smooth muscle Innermost mucosal layer made of transitional epithelium When empty, walls are thick and folded

BLADDER CHARACTERISTICS trigone—a triangular region of the urinary bladder base designating three openings: Two from the ureters One to the urethra Common site for bladder infections Cystitis: bladder inflamation Urethritis: urethra inflammation

FIGURE 15. 6 BASIC STRUCTURE OF THE FEMALE URINARY BLADDER AND URETHRA. Urinary bladder Ureteral orifice External urethral sphincter Trigone Internal urethral orifice Internal urethral sphincter Urethra

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. URETHRA Thin-walled tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body by peristalsis Relies on peristalsis to move urine Release of urine is controlled by two sphincters 1. Internal urethral sphincter Involuntary; 2. smooth muscle External urethral sphincter Voluntary; skeletal muscle

FIGURE 15. 6 BASIC STRUCTURE OF THE FEMALE URINARY BLADDER AND URETHRA. Urinary bladder Ureteral orifice External urethral sphincter Trigone Internal urethral orifice Internal urethral sphincter Urethra

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. URETHRA Function Females—only carries urine Males—carries urine and sperm Location Females—anterior to the vaginal opening Males—travels through the prostate and penis

The male urethra is considered to be part of the urinary AND reproductive systems because of its dual function

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. MICTURITION (VOIDING) emptying of the urinary bladder Micturition reflex : stretch receptors in the bladder are stimulated involuntary internal sphincter opens The external sphincter can override this Incontinence : inability to control micturition Urinary retention : inability to void