Chapter 15 Summary Europeans began exploring the oceans

Chapter 15 Summary Europeans began exploring the oceans because of a desire to share in the rich spice trade. New inventions and nautical advancements allowed them to do so.

Chapter 15 Summary Because of its location, Southeast Asia was influenced by the cultures of India and China. Through military force, European nations built a trading empire there.

Chapter 15 Summary The Asian nations of China, Korea, and Japan limited contact with western nations for several reasons, including ethnocentrism and fear.

Chapter 15: Review Main Idea: The European Age of Exploration marked the beginning of a period of growing global interdependence that has continued to this day. The immediate impact of European exploration was felt in Asia. Assignment: § Page 5 in your Study Guide – Answer in Schoology § Other side of your notes worksheet (use old

Chapter 15: Review Page 10: Document Analysis Document 4 a and 4 b: Based on these documents, what were two ways the caravel affected European interaction with other groups? (1) The caravel affected European interaction with other countries by having the capabilities to fight wars (2) The caravel also had the ability to sail long distances and explore different areas, such as the

CHAPTER 15 – SECTION 1 AGE OF DISCOVERY Complete Page 9 on Schoology! 1) Ottomans had conquered Constantinople in 1453 * Gold, Glory, & God 2) Chart in Textbook Page 373 3) Prince Henry “The Navigator” of Portugal Da Gama – 1 st around the coast of Africa Magellan – ‘Circumnavigate’ the globe 4) Treaty of Tordesillas – ended dispute over “unclaimed” territories in the new world between Spain & Portugal. The Line of Demarcation split the lands into West (Spain)

MOTIVATIONS FOR EUROPEANS TO EXPLORE • From the 1400 s to the 1700 s, Europe experienced an “Age of Exploration” • The Renaissance encouraged curiosity & a desire for trade • As a result of exploration, European nations grew powerful & spread their influence throughout the world

GOLD, GLORY, & GOD • A desire for new sources of wealth was the main reason for European exploration • Merchants began looking for quick, direct trade routes to Asia to avoid Muslim & Italian merchants & increase

GLORY • Kings who sponsored voyages of exploration gained overseas colonies, new sources of wealth for their nation, & increased power • Exploration presented Europeans the opportunity to rise from poverty and gain fame, fortune, &

GOD • European Christians, especially Catholics, wanted to stop the spread of Islam & convert non-Christians to the faith • Explorers were encouraged to spread Christianity or bring missionaries who would

THE CARAVEL • The caravel was a strong ship that could travel in the open seas & in shallow water • Caravels had triangular lateen sails that allowed ships to sail against the wind • A moveable rudder made the caravel more

PRINCE HENRY - PORTUGAL • In Portugal, Prince Henry the Navigator started a school of navigation to train sailors • He brought in Europe’s best map-makers, ship-builders, & sailing instructors • He wanted to discover new territories, find a quick trade route to Asia, & expand Portugal’s power • Portugal was the early leader in the Age of Exploration

PORTUGAL'S POWER • Prince Henry’s navigation school & willingness to fund voyages led the Portuguese to be the 1 st to explore the west coast of Africa • Vasco da Gama was the 1 st explorer to find a direct trade route to Asia by going around Africa to get to India • Portugal gained a sea route to Asia that brought

SPAIN ENTERS THE RACE • The Spanish government saw Portugal’s wealth & did not want to be left out • More than any other European monarch, Ferdinand & Isabella of Spain sponsored & supported overseas expeditions • Supported Christopher

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS • Like most educated men of the Renaissance, Columbus believed the world was round & thought he could reach Asia by sailing west • Columbus reached the Bahamas in America but thought that he had reached islands off the coast of India • He made 4 trips to “India” never knowing he was in

LINE OF DEMARCATION • Spain and Portugal pressed rival claims to the islands that Columbus explored • Pope Alexander VI stepped in to keep the peace in 1493 • Set a Line of Demarcation that divided the non-European world into two zones • Spain had the right to trade and explore lands west of the line • Portugal had the same rights east of the line • The Treaty of Tordesillas moved the line

FERDINAND MAGELLAN • Magellan was from Portugal and was convinced he could find El Paso, a sea route through the Americas to the Indies • Sailed for Spain (didn’t get along with Portugal's King) • Crossed the America's at the Strait of Magellan, the southern tip of South America

VASCO NUNEZ DE BALBOA • Spanish Adventurer Balboa hacked a passage though the tropical forests of Panama • The Isthmus of Panama

THE AGE OF EXPLORATION (EXTRA CREDIT) 1. 2. CREATE AN ADVERTISEMENT FOR PRINCE HENRY’S NAVIGATION SCHOOL THAT WOULD ATTRACT NAVIGATORS, SAILORS, AND OTHER EXPERTS TO THE SCHOOL IN SAGRES. MAKE SURE TO INCLUDE IMAGES, WORDS, AND REASONS WHY THE SCHOOL WAS A GREAT PLACE TO BE, AND INFORMATION ABOUT THE TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTIONS THAT WERE BEING USED THERE. OR … WRITE A PAPER, CREATE A SIGN/POSTER, OR MAKE A PIECE OF WORK THAT HIGHLIGHTS THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF ONE OF THE EXPLORERS FROM THIS SECTION: COLUMBUS, DA GAMA, OR MAGELLAN. BE SURE TO

THE AGE OF EXPLORATION CLASSWORK: 4/20/17 • Complete pages 12 -14 in your Unit 9 Study Guide • Once you are done, complete pages 15 -16 which is your homework for tonight on a separate piece of paper!!

Columbus Prince Henry Caravel Da Gama

Review Questions: § § Page 378 #3, 4 Page 381 #2 Page 386 #3, 4 Page 389 #2 (b), 3, 4

CHANGES IN EUROPE

I. GROWTH OF CAPITALISM • Capitalism: economic system in which people invest their money in business trying to make a profit • Entrepreneur: people who start their own businesses in the hopes of making a profit • Joint Stock Company: private trading investors pooled their money together to build larger businesses

II. THE EMERGENCE OF MERCANTILISM • The colonies were used to obtain wealth • Tariffs: tax on imported goods • Standardized weights and measures • Mercantilism: economic policy by which a nation sought to export more than it imported in order to build up its supply of gold and silver In short: Mercantilism = Money for the Mother Country (Monarch)

III. COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION • The changes that occurred during this time (late 1400 s – 1500 s) are known as the “Commercial Revolution” because of the changes that were made to trade/doing business (“commerce”).

EFFECTS OF THE AGE OF EXPLORATION 1. IMPACT ON AMERICAS § Loss of lives § Loss of control/power § New colonies established § New goods (Columbian Exchange) 2. IMPACT ON EUROPE § New ways of doing business (capitalism, emergence of middle § § § class, …) New Goods (Columbian Exchange) Inflation (too much Gold & Silver) Mercantilism***** 3. IMPACT ON AFRICA (Slave Trade) § Encouraged African Warfare § Disrupted African Culture § Increased Cultural Diffusion

KEY TERMS • Viceroy – representative who ruled in the kings name • Plantation – Large estates • Peninsulares – People born in Spain (top of social hierarchy) • Creoles – American-born descendants of Spanish settlers • Mestizos – People of Native American and European descent • Mulattoes – People of African and European descent

KEY TERMS • The Encounter - the collision of Native Americans from the "New World" and the Europeans from the "Old World" during the 15 th and 16 th Centuries • This led to the exchange of ideas, customs, and technologies (cultural diffusion) • Columbian Exchange – The exchange of plants and animals between Europe and the Americas • Brought disease to some areas, population growth to others, and a change in taste and new markets were created

KEY TERMS • Encomienda (hacienda) system – right the Spanish government granted to its American colonists to demand labor or tribute from Native Americans • Transatlantic Slave Trade (1500 -1800) – Slave trade existed in Africa far before European intervention. Finding workers able to survive harsh conditions was difficult. As many as 15 million African men and women over a 300 -year period were removed from Africa. Many died during the "middle passage. " • Encouraged African Warfare (tribes went to war with each other) • Disrupted African culture (created violence & social

“STUFF” TO REVIEW: • Chapter 15 • • • Who’s leading exploration? (countries & people) Why are they exploring all-sea routes? What allows them to use all-water routes? Where are they going? Which places (Asian Countries) closed themselves off to trade? Why? • Chapter 16 • Which country first starts to come to conquer the Americas? What do they do when they get here? Why are they successful? • • • What does the new colonial society look like? Why does the slave-trade begin? Who’s involved? What is the Columbian Exchange? What is the Commercial Revolution? Explain what capitalism is. Explain Mercantilism. Who benefits the most from this system?

Computer Assignments: Prentice Hall (textbook) website: Chapter 15 Section 5 (report your score) Chapter 15 Section 5 Regentsprep. org Multiple Choice (left-hand column) Section 4 e: “The Age of Exploration”

TEXTBOOK REVIEW: • Page 390 “Reviewing Facts” #1, 3, 6, 7 • Page 391 “Analyzing Primary Sources” #1 -3 • Page 418 “Reviewing Facts” #1, 2, 6, 7 • Page 419 “Analyzing Graphs” #1 -3

STRUGGLE FOR NORTH AMERICA • Read Chapter 16 Section 3 (pgs. 401 -404) • Answer Questions #2, 3, 4 on page 405

EFFECTS OF “THE ENCOUNTER” • Write THREE paragraphs discussing specific examples of cultural diffusion that took place around the globe as a result of the discovery, conquest, and colonization of the New World. • 1 st Paragraph should be about WARFARE: “There are numerous examples of warfare and conquest in the New World …” • 2 nd Paragraph should be about MIGRATION: “Many people moved from the Europe to the Americas for numerous reasons…” • 3 rd Paragraph should be about TRADE: “There are many examples of trade between the Old

THURSDAY, 5/19/16 §Complete the “Colonial Experience in Latin America” America worksheet §Read pages 332 -335 in your orange Unit 10 Packet and answer #3 & 4 on #3 & 4 page 335.