Chapter 15 Listen to Programmatic Music PROGRAMMATIC MUSIC

Chapter 15 Listen to Programmatic Music

PROGRAMMATIC MUSIC • Tells a story external to the music • Symphonic Poems • Ballet • Film

SYMPHONIC POEM • “One movement composition for symphony orchestra that portrays an external story through the music”

SYMPHONIC POEM • Franz Liszt (1811 -1886) • Father of the Tone Poem • Hamlet • Orpheus • Prometheus • George Gershwin • (1898 -1937) • An American In Paris

SYMPHONIC POEM • Paul Dukas (1865 -1935) • The Sorcerer’s Apprentice • Richard Strauss (1864 -1949) • Till Eulenspiegel’s Merry Pranks • Don Juan • Also Sprach Zarathustra • 2001 Space Odyssey

SYMPHONIC POEM • Biedrich Smetana (1824 -1884) • Nationalism • Ma Vlast (My Country) 1. Vyšehrad (The High Citadel) 2. Vltava (River Moldau) 3. Šárka (Leader of Bohemian Amazons) 4. Z Ceskych Luhu a Háju (From Bohemia's Meadows and Forests) 5. Tabor (Stronghold of the Hussites) 6. Bláník (Valhalla of the Hussite heroes: a mountain in S. Bohemia)

M O L Two springs pour forth in the shade of the Bohemian forest, one. D warm and gushing, the other cold and peaceful. Coming through Bohemia’s valleys, they grow into a might stream. Through the A thick woods it flows as the merry sounds of a hunt and the notes U of the hunter’s horn are heard ever closer. It flows through grassgrown pastures and lowlands where a wedding feast is being ” celebrated with song and dance. At night, wood and water nymphs revel in its sparkling waves. Reflected on its surface are fortresses and castles—witnesses of bygone days of knightly splendor and the vanished glory of martial times. The Moldau swirls through the St. John Rapids, finally flowing on in majestic peace toward Prague to be welcomed by historic Vysehrad. Then it vanishes far beyond the poet’s gaze.

Two Springs The River Hunting Wedding Festivities Wood and Water Nymphs at Night The River The Rapids of St. John The River Vysehrad, the Great Ancient Castle The River M O L D A U ”

BALLET MUSIC -Often tones poems have stories to become ballet -Ballet music often same characteristics as symphonic poems Igor Stravinsky (1882 -1971) The Firebird The Rite of Spring Claude Debussy (1862 -1918) Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun

BALLET MUSIC • Aaron Copland (1900 -1990) • Appalachian Spring: Simple Gifts • Rodeo: Hoedown • Billy the Kid • Peter I. Tchaikovsky (1840 -1893) • Swan Lake • Sleeping Beauty • The Nutcracker

OVERTURE • Prelude to opera • Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756 -1791) • The Magic Flute • Don Giovanni • The Marriage of Figaro

• Ludwig von Beethoven (1770 -1827) • “Loenore” or “Fidelio” • Gioachino Rossini (1792– 1868) • The Thieving Magpie • The Barber of Seville • William Tell OVERTURE

OVERTURE • Independent Programmatic Composition • Incidental Music • Felix Mendelssohn • Overture to “A Midsummer Night’s Dream”

MUSIC FOR FILM • Music for silent films • Piano • Organ • Camille Saint-Saens • 1908 First music for film • L’Assassinat du Duc de Guise • Joseph Carl Breil • The Birth of a Nation

MUSIC FOR FILM • Incidental Music in Film • Underscoring • Type I: Newly composed to accentuate action • Type II: Music existing independently from the film • Source Music

• Leitmotif • Mendelssohn: Midsummer Night’s Dream • Hector Berlioz: Symphonie Fantastique MUSIC FOR FILM

MUSIC FOR FILM • Leitmotif • Richard Wagner: Opera • • • Die Meistersinger The Flying Dutchman Logengrin Tristan and Isolde The Ring of the Nibelung • • The Rhinegold The Valkyrie Siegfried Twilight of the Gods

MUSIC FOR FILM • Leitmotif • The Valkyries • The Ride of the Valkyries (Prelude to Act III) • Apocalypse Now

JOHN WILLIAMS (B. 1932) • Julliard Conservatory • U. S. Air Force • Composer • Arranger • Conductor • Boston Pops Orchestra: Conductor

JOHN WILLIAMS (B. 1932) • • • Gilligan’s Island Fiddler on the Roof (Oscar: Best Score) The Cowboys (1972) Jaws (1975) Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977) ET, the Extra-Terrestrial (1982) Indiana Jones: All Jurrasic Park (1993) Saving Private Ryan (1998)

LEITMOTIF IN “STAR WARS” • 6 Lietmotifs or Themes • • • Luke Skywalker Rebel Fanfare Imperial/Darth Vader Ben Kenobi Princess Leia Death Star

LEITMOTIF IN “STAR WARS” • Luke Skywalker • Main Title/Rebel Blockade Runner • Rebel Fanfare • Imperial Attack

LEITMOTIF IN “STAR WARS” • Princess Leia/Ben Kenobi • Hologram/Binary Sunset • • • Leia’s Motif Luke’s Motif Ben Kenobi Motif Rebel Fanfare Luke’s Motif Kenobi Motif

LEITMOTIF IN “STAR • Imperial/Darth Vader Motif WARS” • “Imperial Attack” • • • Rebel Fanfare Imperial/Darth Vader (incomplete fragments) Rebel Fanfare Vader Enters Kenobi (pre-statement) Princess Leia Death Star (Timpani) Leia Vader Rebel Fanfare Imperial/Vader Direct Death Star Fanfare

LEITMOTIF IN “STAR • Introduction of new Darth Vader Theme WARS” • Empire Strikes Back • “Vader Enters the Rebel Compound” • “Death of Darth Vader” • Dies and goes to heaven

• Programmatic Music • Symphonic Poem • Overture • Ballet • Film Music • Leitmotif SUMMARY