Chapter 15 Gender Diversity and Cross Cultural Leadership

Chapter 15 Gender, Diversity, and Cross. Cultural Leadership Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Leadership in Organizations 15 -1

Learning Objectives Understand why cross-cultural research on leadership is important. n Understand different types of crosscultural research. n Understand the difficulties of studying cross-cultural leadership. n Understand how cultural values are related to beliefs about effective Copyright © 2010 leadership. Pearson Education, Inc. Leadership in Organizations 15 -2 n

Learning Objectives (Cont. ) Understand how cultural values can influence leader behavior. n Understand how gender issues have been studied and the limitations of this research. n Understand the findings in research on gender differences in leadership. n Understand how to manage diversity and Copyright © 2010 provide Pearson Education, Inc. Leadership in Organizations 15 -3 equal opportunities. n

Introduction to Cross-Cultural Leadership n Importance of Cross-Cultural Research n n Increasing globalization Leaders need to influence people from other cultures Leaders need to understand how others interpret their actions Cultural Influences on Leadership Behavior Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Leadership in Organizations 15 -4

Cross-Cultural Leadership Research: Types and Difficulties n n Types of Cross-Cultural Studies Methodological Problems n n n Lack of equivalence of meaning for measures Confounding effects Response bias Lack of representative samples Level of analysis problems Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Leadership in Organizations 15 -5

Cross-Cultural Leadership Research: Types and Difficulties (Cont. ) n n Cross-Cultural Research on Behavior Differences Examples of Research on the Effects of Behavior n n n Lowe, 1999 Dorfman and colleagues, 1997 Schaubroech, Lam, and Cha, 2007 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Leadership in Organizations 15 -6

The GLOBE Project Table: Cultural Beliefs about Ideal Leader Attributes Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Leadership in Organizations 15 -7

Cultural Value Dimensions and Leadership n n n Power Distance Uncertainty Avoidance Individualism (vs. Collectivism) Gender Egalitarianism Performance Orientation Human Orientation Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Leadership in Organizations 15 -8

Table: Globe Culture Clusters Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Leadership in Organizations 15 -9

Evaluation of the Cross. Cultural Research 1. How does actual behavior of leaders differ across cultural value clusters and for different countries? n 2. How are leader values and behaviors jointly influenced by personality (and developmental experiences), company culture, and national culture? n 3. How useful is the distinction between actual and ideal cultural values for understanding implicit theories of leadership and patterns of Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 15 -10 leadership behavior? Leadership in Organizations n

Evaluation of the Cross. Cultural Research (Cont. ) 4. How difficult is it to change an organization’s cultural values when they are not consistent with the societal values where the organization’s facilities are located? n 5. How fast are cultural values changing, and what are the primary determinants of culture changes that are relevant for leadership? n 6. What types of leadership traits, skills, and developmental experiences are most useful to prepare someone for a leadership assignment in Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 15 -11 a different culture? Leadership in Organizations n

Gender and Leadership Sex-Based Discrimination n Explanations for the Glass Ceiling n Theories of Feminine Advantage n Findings in Research on Gender Differences n Limitations on Research on Gender Differences n Identifying Causes and Reducing Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Leadership in Organizations Discrimination n 15 -12

Managing Diversity Table: Guidelines for Managing Diversity Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Leadership in Organizations 15 -13

Managing Diversity (Cont. ) n n Fostering Appreciation and Tolerance Providing Equal Opportunity Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Leadership in Organizations 15 -14

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