Chapter 15 First Aid 2009 Delmar Cengage Learning
![Chapter 15 First Aid © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Chapter 15 First Aid © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-1.jpg)
![15: 1 Providing First Aid • Immediate care given to the victim of an 15: 1 Providing First Aid • Immediate care given to the victim of an](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-2.jpg)
![Basic Principles of Providing First Aid • • Remain calm and avoid panic Evaluate Basic Principles of Providing First Aid • • Remain calm and avoid panic Evaluate](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-3.jpg)
![First Steps • Recognize that an emergency exists • Use all senses to detect First Steps • Recognize that an emergency exists • Use all senses to detect](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-4.jpg)
![Next Steps • Check the scene and make sure it is safe to approach Next Steps • Check the scene and make sure it is safe to approach](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-5.jpg)
![Next Steps (continued) • If possible, obtain the victim’s permission before providing any care Next Steps (continued) • If possible, obtain the victim’s permission before providing any care](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-6.jpg)
![General Principles • Obtain qualified help • Avoid any unnecessary movement of the victim General Principles • Obtain qualified help • Avoid any unnecessary movement of the victim](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-7.jpg)
![General Principles (continued) • Protect the victim from cold or chilling, but avoid overheating General Principles (continued) • Protect the victim from cold or chilling, but avoid overheating](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-8.jpg)
![General Principles (continued) • Maintain confidentiality and protect the victim’s right to privacy while General Principles (continued) • Maintain confidentiality and protect the victim’s right to privacy while](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-9.jpg)
![15: 2 Performing CPR • Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): – Cardio: the heart – Pulmonary: 15: 2 Performing CPR • Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): – Cardio: the heart – Pulmonary:](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-10.jpg)
![Performing CPR (continued) • Purpose: keep oxygenated blood flowing to the brain and other Performing CPR (continued) • Purpose: keep oxygenated blood flowing to the brain and other](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-11.jpg)
![Performing CPR (continued) • ABCDs of CPR – – A stands for airway B Performing CPR (continued) • ABCDs of CPR – – A stands for airway B](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-12.jpg)
![Performing CPR (continued) • Evaluate victim’s condition before starting CPR: – – Check if Performing CPR (continued) • Evaluate victim’s condition before starting CPR: – – Check if](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-13.jpg)
![Performing CPR (continued) • Look for chest movement • Listen for breathing • Feel Performing CPR (continued) • Look for chest movement • Listen for breathing • Feel](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-14.jpg)
![Performing CPR (continued) • Correct hand placement is needed before performing chest compressions • Performing CPR (continued) • Correct hand placement is needed before performing chest compressions •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-15.jpg)
![Performing CPR (continued) • Two-person adult rescue for adult – 30 compressions by one Performing CPR (continued) • Two-person adult rescue for adult – 30 compressions by one](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-16.jpg)
![Performing CPR (continued) • CPR for children (1 year to puberty) – 30 compressions Performing CPR (continued) • CPR for children (1 year to puberty) – 30 compressions](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-17.jpg)
![15: 3 Providing First Aid for Bleeding and Wounds • Wound is an injury 15: 3 Providing First Aid for Bleeding and Wounds • Wound is an injury](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-18.jpg)
![Classifications of Open Wounds • • • Abrasion Incision Laceration Puncture Avulsion Amputation © Classifications of Open Wounds • • • Abrasion Incision Laceration Puncture Avulsion Amputation ©](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-19.jpg)
![Controlling Bleeding • First priority because victim can bleed to death quickly • Bleeding Controlling Bleeding • First priority because victim can bleed to death quickly • Bleeding](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-20.jpg)
![Controlling Bleeding (continued) • • Direct pressure Elevation Pressure bandages Pressure on pressure points Controlling Bleeding (continued) • • Direct pressure Elevation Pressure bandages Pressure on pressure points](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-21.jpg)
![Minor Wounds • First priority—prevention of infection • Wash your hands thoroughly before caring Minor Wounds • First priority—prevention of infection • Wash your hands thoroughly before caring](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-22.jpg)
![Signs of Infection • • Swelling Heat Redness Pain Fever Pus Red streaks © Signs of Infection • • Swelling Heat Redness Pain Fever Pus Red streaks ©](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-23.jpg)
![Tetanus • Tetanus bacteria can easily enter an open wound • Serious illness • Tetanus • Tetanus bacteria can easily enter an open wound • Serious illness •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-24.jpg)
![Objects Embedded in Wound • Examples such as splinters, pieces of glass, or small Objects Embedded in Wound • Examples such as splinters, pieces of glass, or small](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-25.jpg)
![Closed Wounds • Can occur anywhere on body • If bruise, apply cold application Closed Wounds • Can occur anywhere on body • If bruise, apply cold application](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-26.jpg)
![15: 4 Providing First Aid for Shock • Also called hypoperfusion • Shock: clinical 15: 4 Providing First Aid for Shock • Also called hypoperfusion • Shock: clinical](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-27.jpg)
![Types of Shock • • • See Table 15 -1 in text Anaphylactic Cardiogenic Types of Shock • • • See Table 15 -1 in text Anaphylactic Cardiogenic](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-28.jpg)
![Types of Shock (continued) • Psychogenic • Respiratory • Septic © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Types of Shock (continued) • Psychogenic • Respiratory • Septic © 2009 Delmar, Cengage](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-29.jpg)
![Signs and Symptoms of Shock • Skin is pale or bluish-gray and cool or Signs and Symptoms of Shock • Skin is pale or bluish-gray and cool or](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-30.jpg)
![Signs and Symptoms of Shock (continued) • • • General weakness Anxiety and extreme Signs and Symptoms of Shock (continued) • • • General weakness Anxiety and extreme](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-31.jpg)
![Treatment for Shock • • • Goals of treatment Positioning of victim Maintain body Treatment for Shock • • • Goals of treatment Positioning of victim Maintain body](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-32.jpg)
![15: 5 Providing First Aid for Poisoning • Can happen to anyone • Poison: 15: 5 Providing First Aid for Poisoning • Can happen to anyone • Poison:](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-33.jpg)
![Ways Poisoning Occurs • • Ingesting various substances Inhaling poisonous gases Injecting substances Contacting Ways Poisoning Occurs • • Ingesting various substances Inhaling poisonous gases Injecting substances Contacting](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-34.jpg)
![First Aid for Poisoning • If poison has been swallowed – Methods to induce First Aid for Poisoning • If poison has been swallowed – Methods to induce](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-35.jpg)
![15: 6 Providing First Aid for Burns • Injury caused by fire, heat, chemical 15: 6 Providing First Aid for Burns • Injury caused by fire, heat, chemical](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-36.jpg)
![Treatment Objectives • • • Remove source of heat Cool the skin Cover the Treatment Objectives • • • Remove source of heat Cool the skin Cover the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-37.jpg)
![Treatment • Usually not required for superficial and mild partial-thickness burns • Rules for Treatment • Usually not required for superficial and mild partial-thickness burns • Rules for](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-38.jpg)
![Treatment (continued) • How to treat severe partial- or full-thickness burns • How to Treatment (continued) • How to treat severe partial- or full-thickness burns • How to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-39.jpg)
![15: 7 Providing First Aid for Heat Exposure • Overexposure to heat may cause 15: 7 Providing First Aid for Heat Exposure • Overexposure to heat may cause](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-40.jpg)
![Heat Cramps • • Muscle pains and spasms Caused by exposure to heat Loss Heat Cramps • • Muscle pains and spasms Caused by exposure to heat Loss](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-41.jpg)
![Heat Exhaustion • Occurs when exposed to heat with loss of fluids through sweating Heat Exhaustion • Occurs when exposed to heat with loss of fluids through sweating](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-42.jpg)
![Heat Stroke • Prolonged exposure to higher than normal temperatures • Medical emergency—needs immediate Heat Stroke • Prolonged exposure to higher than normal temperatures • Medical emergency—needs immediate](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-43.jpg)
![15: 8 Providing First Aid for Cold Exposure • Exposure to cold temperatures can 15: 8 Providing First Aid for Cold Exposure • Exposure to cold temperatures can](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-44.jpg)
![Hypothermia • When body temperature is less than 95ºF (35ºC) • Caused by prolonged Hypothermia • When body temperature is less than 95ºF (35ºC) • Caused by prolonged](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-45.jpg)
![Frostbite • Freezing of tissue fluids with damage to the skin and underlying tissues Frostbite • Freezing of tissue fluids with damage to the skin and underlying tissues](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-46.jpg)
![Frostbite (continued) • Objectives of first aid • Common sites: fingers, toes, ears, nose, Frostbite (continued) • Objectives of first aid • Common sites: fingers, toes, ears, nose,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-47.jpg)
![15: 9 Providing First Aid for Bone and Joint Injuries • Frequently occur during 15: 9 Providing First Aid for Bone and Joint Injuries • Frequently occur during](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-48.jpg)
![Fracture • • • Break in the bone Closed or simple fracture Compound or Fracture • • • Break in the bone Closed or simple fracture Compound or](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-49.jpg)
![Dislocation • When the end of the bone is displaced from a joint or Dislocation • When the end of the bone is displaced from a joint or](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-50.jpg)
![Sprain • • Injury to tissues surrounding a joint Common sites: ankles and wrists Sprain • • Injury to tissues surrounding a joint Common sites: ankles and wrists](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-51.jpg)
![Strain • • • Overstretching of a muscle Caused by overexertion or by lifting Strain • • • Overstretching of a muscle Caused by overexertion or by lifting](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-52.jpg)
![Splints • Devices to immobilize injured parts • Types of splints – Pneumatic or Splints • Devices to immobilize injured parts • Types of splints – Pneumatic or](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-53.jpg)
![Splints (continued) • Need to be long enough to immobilize the joint above and Splints (continued) • Need to be long enough to immobilize the joint above and](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-54.jpg)
![Splints (continued) • Never attempt to reposition bone • Splint before moving victim • Splints (continued) • Never attempt to reposition bone • Splint before moving victim •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-55.jpg)
![Circulation Check After Splint • • Verify that the splints are not too tight Circulation Check After Splint • • Verify that the splints are not too tight](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-56.jpg)
![Slings • Commercial slings • Triangular bandages • Use: support arm, hand, forearm, and Slings • Commercial slings • Triangular bandages • Use: support arm, hand, forearm, and](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-57.jpg)
![Slings (continued) • If using knots – Placement – Padding • Considerations for shoulder Slings (continued) • If using knots – Placement – Padding • Considerations for shoulder](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-58.jpg)
![Neck or Spine Injury • Most dangerous types of injuries involving bones and joints Neck or Spine Injury • Most dangerous types of injuries involving bones and joints](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-59.jpg)
![15: 10 Providing First Aid for Specific Injuries • Treatment for burns, bleeding, wounds, 15: 10 Providing First Aid for Specific Injuries • Treatment for burns, bleeding, wounds,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-60.jpg)
![Eye Injuries • • • Always involves danger of vision loss Best to avoid Eye Injuries • • • Always involves danger of vision loss Best to avoid](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-61.jpg)
![Ear Injuries • Can result in rupture or perforation of eardrum • Torn or Ear Injuries • Can result in rupture or perforation of eardrum • Torn or](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-62.jpg)
![Brain Injuries • Wounds and blows to head and skull can cause brain injury Brain Injuries • Wounds and blows to head and skull can cause brain injury](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-63.jpg)
![Nose Injuries • Nosebleeds are usually more frightening than serious • Nosebleeds also called Nose Injuries • Nosebleeds are usually more frightening than serious • Nosebleeds also called](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-64.jpg)
![Chest Injuries • • • Usually medical emergencies Involve heart, lungs, and major vessels Chest Injuries • • • Usually medical emergencies Involve heart, lungs, and major vessels](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-65.jpg)
![Abdominal Injuries • Can cause damage to internal organs and bleeding in major blood Abdominal Injuries • Can cause damage to internal organs and bleeding in major blood](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-66.jpg)
![Injuries to Genital Organs • Result of falls, blows, or explosions • Can cause Injuries to Genital Organs • Result of falls, blows, or explosions • Can cause](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-67.jpg)
![15: 11 Providing First Aid for Sudden Illness • Can be difficult to determine 15: 11 Providing First Aid for Sudden Illness • Can be difficult to determine](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-68.jpg)
![Heart Attack • Known by other names as coronary thrombosis, coronary occlusion, or myocardial Heart Attack • Known by other names as coronary thrombosis, coronary occlusion, or myocardial](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-69.jpg)
![Cerebrovascular Accident • Also called stroke, apoplexy, or cerebral thrombosis • Causes • Signs Cerebrovascular Accident • Also called stroke, apoplexy, or cerebral thrombosis • Causes • Signs](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-70.jpg)
![Fainting • Temporary reduction in supply of blood to brain • Early signs and Fainting • Temporary reduction in supply of blood to brain • Early signs and](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-71.jpg)
![Convulsion • Type of seizure—strong involuntary contraction of muscles • Causes • Progression of Convulsion • Type of seizure—strong involuntary contraction of muscles • Causes • Progression of](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-72.jpg)
![Diabetes Mellitus • Metabolic disorder caused by lack of or insufficient production of insulin Diabetes Mellitus • Metabolic disorder caused by lack of or insufficient production of insulin](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-73.jpg)
![15: 12 Applying Dressings and Bandages • Dressings used as sterile covering and to 15: 12 Applying Dressings and Bandages • Dressings used as sterile covering and to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-74.jpg)
![Applying Dressings and Bandages (continued) • Apply bandages snugly to control bleeding and prevent Applying Dressings and Bandages (continued) • Apply bandages snugly to control bleeding and prevent](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-75.jpg)
![Methods to Wrap Bandages • Depends on the body part – Spiral – Figure-eight Methods to Wrap Bandages • Depends on the body part – Spiral – Figure-eight](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-76.jpg)
![Checkpoints for Circulation • Check circulation after application • Signs of poor or impaired Checkpoints for Circulation • Check circulation after application • Signs of poor or impaired](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-77.jpg)
![Summary • Proper first aid can save a life • Provide only care you Summary • Proper first aid can save a life • Provide only care you](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-78.jpg)
- Slides: 78
![Chapter 15 First Aid 2009 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 15 First Aid © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-1.jpg)
Chapter 15 First Aid © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![15 1 Providing First Aid Immediate care given to the victim of an 15: 1 Providing First Aid • Immediate care given to the victim of an](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-2.jpg)
15: 1 Providing First Aid • Immediate care given to the victim of an accident or illness to minimize the effect of injury or illness until experts can take over • Reasons for providing correct first aid © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Basic Principles of Providing First Aid Remain calm and avoid panic Evaluate Basic Principles of Providing First Aid • • Remain calm and avoid panic Evaluate](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-3.jpg)
Basic Principles of Providing First Aid • • Remain calm and avoid panic Evaluate situation thoroughly Have a reason for anything you do Treatment you provide will vary depending on type of injury or illness, environment, others present, equipment or supplies on hand, and availability of medical help © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![First Steps Recognize that an emergency exists Use all senses to detect First Steps • Recognize that an emergency exists • Use all senses to detect](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-4.jpg)
First Steps • Recognize that an emergency exists • Use all senses to detect problems • Sometimes signs of emergency are obvious and at other times they are less obvious © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Next Steps Check the scene and make sure it is safe to approach Next Steps • Check the scene and make sure it is safe to approach](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-5.jpg)
Next Steps • Check the scene and make sure it is safe to approach • What to observe • If not safe, call for medical help • If safe, approach the victim • Call emergency medical services (EMS) as soon as possible (continues) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Next Steps continued If possible obtain the victims permission before providing any care Next Steps (continued) • If possible, obtain the victim’s permission before providing any care](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-6.jpg)
Next Steps (continued) • If possible, obtain the victim’s permission before providing any care • Triage if necessary • Check for other injuries • Obtain as much information as possible before you proceed © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![General Principles Obtain qualified help Avoid any unnecessary movement of the victim General Principles • Obtain qualified help • Avoid any unnecessary movement of the victim](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-7.jpg)
General Principles • Obtain qualified help • Avoid any unnecessary movement of the victim • Reassure the victim • Use a confident, calm attitude to help relieve victim’s anxiety • Avoid giving the victim anything to eat or drink (continues) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![General Principles continued Protect the victim from cold or chilling but avoid overheating General Principles (continued) • Protect the victim from cold or chilling, but avoid overheating](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-8.jpg)
General Principles (continued) • Protect the victim from cold or chilling, but avoid overheating • Work quickly in an organized and efficient manner • Do not make a diagnosis or discuss condition with observers at scene (continues) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![General Principles continued Maintain confidentiality and protect the victims right to privacy while General Principles (continued) • Maintain confidentiality and protect the victim’s right to privacy while](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-9.jpg)
General Principles (continued) • Maintain confidentiality and protect the victim’s right to privacy while providing treatment • Make every attempt to avoid further injury or harm • Provide only the treatment you are qualified to provide © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![15 2 Performing CPR Cardiopulmonary resuscitation CPR Cardio the heart Pulmonary 15: 2 Performing CPR • Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): – Cardio: the heart – Pulmonary:](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-10.jpg)
15: 2 Performing CPR • Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): – Cardio: the heart – Pulmonary: the lungs – Resuscitation: to remove from apparent death or unconsciousness • When performing CPR, you breathe for the patient and circulate blood (continues) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Performing CPR continued Purpose keep oxygenated blood flowing to the brain and other Performing CPR (continued) • Purpose: keep oxygenated blood flowing to the brain and other](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-11.jpg)
Performing CPR (continued) • Purpose: keep oxygenated blood flowing to the brain and other vital body organs • Performed until the heart and lungs start working again or until medical help is available • Clinical versus biological death (continues) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Performing CPR continued ABCDs of CPR A stands for airway B Performing CPR (continued) • ABCDs of CPR – – A stands for airway B](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-12.jpg)
Performing CPR (continued) • ABCDs of CPR – – A stands for airway B stands for breathing C stands for circulation D stands for defibrillation (continues) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Performing CPR continued Evaluate victims condition before starting CPR Check if Performing CPR (continued) • Evaluate victim’s condition before starting CPR: – – Check if](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-13.jpg)
Performing CPR (continued) • Evaluate victim’s condition before starting CPR: – – Check if patient is conscious If unconscious, check for breathing If not breathing, place victim on back Open the airway by using the head-tilt/chin lift or jaw-thrust maneuver (continues) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Performing CPR continued Look for chest movement Listen for breathing Feel Performing CPR (continued) • Look for chest movement • Listen for breathing • Feel](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-14.jpg)
Performing CPR (continued) • Look for chest movement • Listen for breathing • Feel for movement of air from the nose or mouth • If not breathing, give two breaths • Make sure breaths are effective • Then check the carotid pulse (continues) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Performing CPR continued Correct hand placement is needed before performing chest compressions Performing CPR (continued) • Correct hand placement is needed before performing chest compressions •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-15.jpg)
Performing CPR (continued) • Correct hand placement is needed before performing chest compressions • Various methods of CPR used • One-person adult rescue for adult – 30 compressions followed by 2 ventilations (30: 2 ratio) (continues) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Performing CPR continued Twoperson adult rescue for adult 30 compressions by one Performing CPR (continued) • Two-person adult rescue for adult – 30 compressions by one](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-16.jpg)
Performing CPR (continued) • Two-person adult rescue for adult – 30 compressions by one rescuer followed with 2 ventilations by the second rescuer (30: 2 ratio) • CPR for infants (birth to one year) – 30 compressions followed by 2 ventilations for one rescuer (30: 2 ratio) – 15 compressions followed by 2 ventilations for two rescuers (15: 2 ratio) (continues) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Performing CPR continued CPR for children 1 year to puberty 30 compressions Performing CPR (continued) • CPR for children (1 year to puberty) – 30 compressions](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-17.jpg)
Performing CPR (continued) • CPR for children (1 year to puberty) – 30 compressions followed by 2 ventilations for one rescuer (30: 2 ratio) – 15 compressions followed by 2 ventilations for two rescuers (15: 2 ratio) • CPR for choking victims • Reasons for stopping CPR © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![15 3 Providing First Aid for Bleeding and Wounds Wound is an injury 15: 3 Providing First Aid for Bleeding and Wounds • Wound is an injury](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-18.jpg)
15: 3 Providing First Aid for Bleeding and Wounds • Wound is an injury to soft tissues – Open: break in skin or mucous membranes – Closed: no break in skin or mucous membranes, but injury occurs to underlying tissues – Wounds can result in bleeding, infection, and/or tetanus © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Classifications of Open Wounds Abrasion Incision Laceration Puncture Avulsion Amputation Classifications of Open Wounds • • • Abrasion Incision Laceration Puncture Avulsion Amputation ©](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-19.jpg)
Classifications of Open Wounds • • • Abrasion Incision Laceration Puncture Avulsion Amputation © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Controlling Bleeding First priority because victim can bleed to death quickly Bleeding Controlling Bleeding • First priority because victim can bleed to death quickly • Bleeding](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-20.jpg)
Controlling Bleeding • First priority because victim can bleed to death quickly • Bleeding can come from arteries, veins, or capillaries • Observe standard precautions (continues) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Controlling Bleeding continued Direct pressure Elevation Pressure bandages Pressure on pressure points Controlling Bleeding (continued) • • Direct pressure Elevation Pressure bandages Pressure on pressure points](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-21.jpg)
Controlling Bleeding (continued) • • Direct pressure Elevation Pressure bandages Pressure on pressure points Do not disturb clots Do not remove dressings Do not clean wound © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Minor Wounds First priorityprevention of infection Wash your hands thoroughly before caring Minor Wounds • First priority—prevention of infection • Wash your hands thoroughly before caring](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-22.jpg)
Minor Wounds • First priority—prevention of infection • Wash your hands thoroughly before caring for wound • Put on gloves • Wash the wound with soap and water • Rinse the wound • Use sterile supplies © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Signs of Infection Swelling Heat Redness Pain Fever Pus Red streaks Signs of Infection • • Swelling Heat Redness Pain Fever Pus Red streaks ©](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-23.jpg)
Signs of Infection • • Swelling Heat Redness Pain Fever Pus Red streaks © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Tetanus Tetanus bacteria can easily enter an open wound Serious illness Tetanus • Tetanus bacteria can easily enter an open wound • Serious illness •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-24.jpg)
Tetanus • Tetanus bacteria can easily enter an open wound • Serious illness • Get tetanus shot or booster as needed © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Objects Embedded in Wound Examples such as splinters pieces of glass or small Objects Embedded in Wound • Examples such as splinters, pieces of glass, or small](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-25.jpg)
Objects Embedded in Wound • Examples such as splinters, pieces of glass, or small stones • If superficial, gently remove • Objects embedded in tissues should be left and removed by physician © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Closed Wounds Can occur anywhere on body If bruise apply cold application Closed Wounds • Can occur anywhere on body • If bruise, apply cold application](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-26.jpg)
Closed Wounds • Can occur anywhere on body • If bruise, apply cold application to reduce swelling • Observe for signs of internal bleeding • Get medical help • Check breathing and treat for shock • Avoid unnecessary movement • No food or fluids © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![15 4 Providing First Aid for Shock Also called hypoperfusion Shock clinical 15: 4 Providing First Aid for Shock • Also called hypoperfusion • Shock: clinical](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-27.jpg)
15: 4 Providing First Aid for Shock • Also called hypoperfusion • Shock: clinical set of signs and symptoms that are associated with an inadequate supply of blood to body organs, especially brain and heart • Causes of shock © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Types of Shock See Table 15 1 in text Anaphylactic Cardiogenic Types of Shock • • • See Table 15 -1 in text Anaphylactic Cardiogenic](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-28.jpg)
Types of Shock • • • See Table 15 -1 in text Anaphylactic Cardiogenic Hemorrhagic Metabolic Neurogenic (continues) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Types of Shock continued Psychogenic Respiratory Septic 2009 Delmar Cengage Types of Shock (continued) • Psychogenic • Respiratory • Septic © 2009 Delmar, Cengage](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-29.jpg)
Types of Shock (continued) • Psychogenic • Respiratory • Septic © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Signs and Symptoms of Shock Skin is pale or bluishgray and cool or Signs and Symptoms of Shock • Skin is pale or bluish-gray and cool or](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-30.jpg)
Signs and Symptoms of Shock • Skin is pale or bluish-gray and cool or cold to the touch • Diaphoresis • Rapid and weak pulse • Respirations rapid, shallow, and may be irregular • Blood pressure very low or unobtainable (continues) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Signs and Symptoms of Shock continued General weakness Anxiety and extreme Signs and Symptoms of Shock (continued) • • • General weakness Anxiety and extreme](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-31.jpg)
Signs and Symptoms of Shock (continued) • • • General weakness Anxiety and extreme restlessness Excessive thirst Nausea and/or vomiting Blurred vision or changes in appearance of eyes © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Treatment for Shock Goals of treatment Positioning of victim Maintain body Treatment for Shock • • • Goals of treatment Positioning of victim Maintain body](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-32.jpg)
Treatment for Shock • • • Goals of treatment Positioning of victim Maintain body temperature Avoid food or drink Other principles of care © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![15 5 Providing First Aid for Poisoning Can happen to anyone Poison 15: 5 Providing First Aid for Poisoning • Can happen to anyone • Poison:](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-33.jpg)
15: 5 Providing First Aid for Poisoning • Can happen to anyone • Poison: any substance that causes a harmful reaction to the outside or inside of the body • Immediate action is needed • First aid varies depending on type of poison, injury involved, and the method of contact © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Ways Poisoning Occurs Ingesting various substances Inhaling poisonous gases Injecting substances Contacting Ways Poisoning Occurs • • Ingesting various substances Inhaling poisonous gases Injecting substances Contacting](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-34.jpg)
Ways Poisoning Occurs • • Ingesting various substances Inhaling poisonous gases Injecting substances Contacting the skin with poison © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![First Aid for Poisoning If poison has been swallowed Methods to induce First Aid for Poisoning • If poison has been swallowed – Methods to induce](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-35.jpg)
First Aid for Poisoning • If poison has been swallowed – Methods to induce vomiting • • If poisoning by inhalation of gases If poisoning by contact with skin Contact with poisonous plants If poisoning by injection © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![15 6 Providing First Aid for Burns Injury caused by fire heat chemical 15: 6 Providing First Aid for Burns • Injury caused by fire, heat, chemical](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-36.jpg)
15: 6 Providing First Aid for Burns • Injury caused by fire, heat, chemical agents, radiation, and/or electricity • Classifications of burns – Superficial – Partial-thickness – Full-thickness © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Treatment Objectives Remove source of heat Cool the skin Cover the Treatment Objectives • • • Remove source of heat Cool the skin Cover the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-37.jpg)
Treatment Objectives • • • Remove source of heat Cool the skin Cover the burn Relieve pain Observe for and treat shock Prevent infections © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Treatment Usually not required for superficial and mild partialthickness burns Rules for Treatment • Usually not required for superficial and mild partial-thickness burns • Rules for](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-38.jpg)
Treatment • Usually not required for superficial and mild partial-thickness burns • Rules for when to treat • All full-thickness burns require medical treatment • How to treat superficial and mild partialthickness burns (continues) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Treatment continued How to treat severe partial or fullthickness burns How to Treatment (continued) • How to treat severe partial- or full-thickness burns • How to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-39.jpg)
Treatment (continued) • How to treat severe partial- or full-thickness burns • How to treat when chemicals splashed on skin • How to treat eyes burned by chemicals or irritating gases © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![15 7 Providing First Aid for Heat Exposure Overexposure to heat may cause 15: 7 Providing First Aid for Heat Exposure • Overexposure to heat may cause](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-40.jpg)
15: 7 Providing First Aid for Heat Exposure • Overexposure to heat may cause a chemical imbalance in the body • Occurs when water and salt are lost through perspiration • Also occurs when body cannot eliminate excess heat © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Heat Cramps Muscle pains and spasms Caused by exposure to heat Loss Heat Cramps • • Muscle pains and spasms Caused by exposure to heat Loss](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-41.jpg)
Heat Cramps • • Muscle pains and spasms Caused by exposure to heat Loss of water and salt Apply firm pressure on cramped muscle to provide relief • Provide rest and move to cooler area • Small sips of water or electrolyte solution (e. g. , sports drink) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Heat Exhaustion Occurs when exposed to heat with loss of fluids through sweating Heat Exhaustion • Occurs when exposed to heat with loss of fluids through sweating](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-42.jpg)
Heat Exhaustion • Occurs when exposed to heat with loss of fluids through sweating • Signs and symptoms • First aid care © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Heat Stroke Prolonged exposure to higher than normal temperatures Medical emergencyneeds immediate Heat Stroke • Prolonged exposure to higher than normal temperatures • Medical emergency—needs immediate](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-43.jpg)
Heat Stroke • Prolonged exposure to higher than normal temperatures • Medical emergency—needs immediate care and attention • Body unable to eliminate excess heat • Signs and symptoms • First aid care © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![15 8 Providing First Aid for Cold Exposure Exposure to cold temperatures can 15: 8 Providing First Aid for Cold Exposure • Exposure to cold temperatures can](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-44.jpg)
15: 8 Providing First Aid for Cold Exposure • Exposure to cold temperatures can cause body tissues to freeze and body processes to slow down • Needs immediate attention • Degree of injury affected by wind velocity, amount of humidity, and length of exposure to cold © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Hypothermia When body temperature is less than 95ºF 35ºC Caused by prolonged Hypothermia • When body temperature is less than 95ºF (35ºC) • Caused by prolonged](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-45.jpg)
Hypothermia • When body temperature is less than 95ºF (35ºC) • Caused by prolonged exposure to cold • Signs and symptoms • Death can occur if body processes become too slowed down • First aid care © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Frostbite Freezing of tissue fluids with damage to the skin and underlying tissues Frostbite • Freezing of tissue fluids with damage to the skin and underlying tissues](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-46.jpg)
Frostbite • Freezing of tissue fluids with damage to the skin and underlying tissues • Caused by exposure to freezing or below-freezing temperatures • Early signs and symptoms • Other signs and symptoms as frostbite progresses (continues) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Frostbite continued Objectives of first aid Common sites fingers toes ears nose Frostbite (continued) • Objectives of first aid • Common sites: fingers, toes, ears, nose,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-47.jpg)
Frostbite (continued) • Objectives of first aid • Common sites: fingers, toes, ears, nose, cheeks • First aid care • Assess for signs and symptoms of shock and treat as needed © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![15 9 Providing First Aid for Bone and Joint Injuries Frequently occur during 15: 9 Providing First Aid for Bone and Joint Injuries • Frequently occur during](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-48.jpg)
15: 9 Providing First Aid for Bone and Joint Injuries • Frequently occur during accidents or falls with variety of injuries • Examples: fractures, dislocations, sprains, and strains • May have more than one type of injury to bones and joints at the same time © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Fracture Break in the bone Closed or simple fracture Compound or Fracture • • • Break in the bone Closed or simple fracture Compound or](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-49.jpg)
Fracture • • • Break in the bone Closed or simple fracture Compound or open fracture Signs and symptoms Objectives of first aid © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Dislocation When the end of the bone is displaced from a joint or Dislocation • When the end of the bone is displaced from a joint or](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-50.jpg)
Dislocation • When the end of the bone is displaced from a joint or moved out of its normal position within a joint • Tearing or stretching of ligaments, muscles, and other soft tissues also frequently occurs • Signs and symptoms • First aid care © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Sprain Injury to tissues surrounding a joint Common sites ankles and wrists Sprain • • Injury to tissues surrounding a joint Common sites: ankles and wrists](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-51.jpg)
Sprain • • Injury to tissues surrounding a joint Common sites: ankles and wrists Signs and symptoms Sprains frequently resemble fractures or dislocations—treat as fracture if any doubt • First aid care © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Strain Overstretching of a muscle Caused by overexertion or by lifting Strain • • • Overstretching of a muscle Caused by overexertion or by lifting](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-52.jpg)
Strain • • • Overstretching of a muscle Caused by overexertion or by lifting Frequent site: back Signs and symptoms First aid treatment © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Splints Devices to immobilize injured parts Types of splints Pneumatic or Splints • Devices to immobilize injured parts • Types of splints – Pneumatic or](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-53.jpg)
Splints • Devices to immobilize injured parts • Types of splints – Pneumatic or air splints – Padded boards – Traction splints • Splints can also be made from cardboard, newspapers, pillows, boards, etc. (continues) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Splints continued Need to be long enough to immobilize the joint above and Splints (continued) • Need to be long enough to immobilize the joint above and](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-54.jpg)
Splints (continued) • Need to be long enough to immobilize the joint above and below the injured area to prevent movement • Should be padded • Tied in place • Apply as not to create pressure on affected area • If open wound, control bleeding before (continues) applying splint © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Splints continued Never attempt to reposition bone Splint before moving victim Splints (continued) • Never attempt to reposition bone • Splint before moving victim •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-55.jpg)
Splints (continued) • Never attempt to reposition bone • Splint before moving victim • Observe precautions when using pneumatic splints • Traction splints © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Circulation Check After Splint Verify that the splints are not too tight Circulation Check After Splint • • Verify that the splints are not too tight](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-56.jpg)
Circulation Check After Splint • • Verify that the splints are not too tight Check skin temperature Check color Note swelling or edema Numbness or tingling Check pulse If circulation impaired, immediately loosen the ties © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Slings Commercial slings Triangular bandages Use support arm hand forearm and Slings • Commercial slings • Triangular bandages • Use: support arm, hand, forearm, and](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-57.jpg)
Slings • Commercial slings • Triangular bandages • Use: support arm, hand, forearm, and shoulder • Positioning of sling • Check circulation • Limit movement of limb (continues) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Slings continued If using knots Placement Padding Considerations for shoulder Slings (continued) • If using knots – Placement – Padding • Considerations for shoulder](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-58.jpg)
Slings (continued) • If using knots – Placement – Padding • Considerations for shoulder injury © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Neck or Spine Injury Most dangerous types of injuries involving bones and joints Neck or Spine Injury • Most dangerous types of injuries involving bones and joints](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-59.jpg)
Neck or Spine Injury • Most dangerous types of injuries involving bones and joints • Movement can result in permanent injury resulting in paralysis • Avoid any movement of victim if at all possible • Wait for backboard and adequate help to arrive for transfer © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![15 10 Providing First Aid for Specific Injuries Treatment for burns bleeding wounds 15: 10 Providing First Aid for Specific Injuries • Treatment for burns, bleeding, wounds,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-60.jpg)
15: 10 Providing First Aid for Specific Injuries • Treatment for burns, bleeding, wounds, poisoning, and fractures is basically the same • Injuries to specific body parts require special care • Examples: eyes, ears, nose, brain, chest, abdomen, and genital organs © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Eye Injuries Always involves danger of vision loss Best to avoid Eye Injuries • • • Always involves danger of vision loss Best to avoid](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-61.jpg)
Eye Injuries • • • Always involves danger of vision loss Best to avoid giving major treatment Obtain help of a specialist Foreign objects in the eye Blows to the eye Penetrating injuries that cut eye tissue © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Ear Injuries Can result in rupture or perforation of eardrum Torn or Ear Injuries • Can result in rupture or perforation of eardrum • Torn or](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-62.jpg)
Ear Injuries • Can result in rupture or perforation of eardrum • Torn or detached tissue • Ruptured or perforated eardrum • Clear fluid or blood-tinged fluid draining from ear © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Brain Injuries Wounds and blows to head and skull can cause brain injury Brain Injuries • Wounds and blows to head and skull can cause brain injury](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-63.jpg)
Brain Injuries • Wounds and blows to head and skull can cause brain injury • Seek medical help quickly as possible • Signs and symptoms • First aid care © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Nose Injuries Nosebleeds are usually more frightening than serious Nosebleeds also called Nose Injuries • Nosebleeds are usually more frightening than serious • Nosebleeds also called](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-64.jpg)
Nose Injuries • Nosebleeds are usually more frightening than serious • Nosebleeds also called epistaxis • Causes of nosebleeds • First aid care © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Chest Injuries Usually medical emergencies Involve heart lungs and major vessels Chest Injuries • • • Usually medical emergencies Involve heart, lungs, and major vessels](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-65.jpg)
Chest Injuries • • • Usually medical emergencies Involve heart, lungs, and major vessels Sucking chest wound Penetrating injuries to the chest Crushing injuries to the chest © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Abdominal Injuries Can cause damage to internal organs and bleeding in major blood Abdominal Injuries • Can cause damage to internal organs and bleeding in major blood](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-66.jpg)
Abdominal Injuries • Can cause damage to internal organs and bleeding in major blood vessels • Intestines and other abdominal organs may protrude from open wound • Medical emergency • Bleeding, shock, and damage to organs can be fatal • Signs and symptoms • First aid care © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Injuries to Genital Organs Result of falls blows or explosions Can cause Injuries to Genital Organs • Result of falls, blows, or explosions • Can cause](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-67.jpg)
Injuries to Genital Organs • Result of falls, blows, or explosions • Can cause severe pain, bleeding, and shock • First aid care © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![15 11 Providing First Aid for Sudden Illness Can be difficult to determine 15: 11 Providing First Aid for Sudden Illness • Can be difficult to determine](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-68.jpg)
15: 11 Providing First Aid for Sudden Illness • Can be difficult to determine exact illness being experienced • Base care on signs and symptoms • Information from victim if possible • Look for medical alert bracelets or necklaces or medical cards © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Heart Attack Known by other names as coronary thrombosis coronary occlusion or myocardial Heart Attack • Known by other names as coronary thrombosis, coronary occlusion, or myocardial](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-69.jpg)
Heart Attack • Known by other names as coronary thrombosis, coronary occlusion, or myocardial infarction • Occurs when there is blockage in one or more coronary arteries • If heart stops, start CPR • Signs and symptoms • First aid care © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Cerebrovascular Accident Also called stroke apoplexy or cerebral thrombosis Causes Signs Cerebrovascular Accident • Also called stroke, apoplexy, or cerebral thrombosis • Causes • Signs](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-70.jpg)
Cerebrovascular Accident • Also called stroke, apoplexy, or cerebral thrombosis • Causes • Signs and symptoms • First aid care © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Fainting Temporary reduction in supply of blood to brain Early signs and Fainting • Temporary reduction in supply of blood to brain • Early signs and](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-71.jpg)
Fainting • Temporary reduction in supply of blood to brain • Early signs and treatment • If victim loses consciousness, try to prevent injury • Obtain medical help if recovery not prompt, there are other injuries, or fainting reoccurs © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Convulsion Type of seizurestrong involuntary contraction of muscles Causes Progression of Convulsion • Type of seizure—strong involuntary contraction of muscles • Causes • Progression of](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-72.jpg)
Convulsion • Type of seizure—strong involuntary contraction of muscles • Causes • Progression of a convulsion • First aid care is directed at preventing self-injury © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Diabetes Mellitus Metabolic disorder caused by lack of or insufficient production of insulin Diabetes Mellitus • Metabolic disorder caused by lack of or insufficient production of insulin](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-73.jpg)
Diabetes Mellitus • Metabolic disorder caused by lack of or insufficient production of insulin • Diabetic coma • Insulin shock • Differentiate between diabetic coma and insulin shock © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![15 12 Applying Dressings and Bandages Dressings used as sterile covering and to 15: 12 Applying Dressings and Bandages • Dressings used as sterile covering and to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-74.jpg)
15: 12 Applying Dressings and Bandages • Dressings used as sterile covering and to control bleeding • Materials used in dressings • Dressings can be held in place with tape or a bandage • Bandages used to hold dressings in place, to secure splints, and to support and protect body parts (continues) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Applying Dressings and Bandages continued Apply bandages snugly to control bleeding and prevent Applying Dressings and Bandages (continued) • Apply bandages snugly to control bleeding and prevent](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-75.jpg)
Applying Dressings and Bandages (continued) • Apply bandages snugly to control bleeding and prevent movement of dressing, but not to interfere with circulation • Types of bandages consist of: – Roller gauze – Triangular – Elastic © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Methods to Wrap Bandages Depends on the body part Spiral Figureeight Methods to Wrap Bandages • Depends on the body part – Spiral – Figure-eight](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-76.jpg)
Methods to Wrap Bandages • Depends on the body part – Spiral – Figure-eight for joints – Recurrent or finger wrap © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Checkpoints for Circulation Check circulation after application Signs of poor or impaired Checkpoints for Circulation • Check circulation after application • Signs of poor or impaired](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-77.jpg)
Checkpoints for Circulation • Check circulation after application • Signs of poor or impaired circulation: – – – Swelling or edema Pale or cyanotic color Coldness to touch Numbness or tingling Poor or slow capillary refill • Loosen bandage immediately © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
![Summary Proper first aid can save a life Provide only care you Summary • Proper first aid can save a life • Provide only care you](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5d34d36d29dde2d5b412f07a37d1c8a6/image-78.jpg)
Summary • Proper first aid can save a life • Provide only care you are qualified to provide • Always reassure victim and avoid unnecessary stress and movement • Obtain medical help as needed © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
2009 delmar cengage learning
2009 delmar cengage learning
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