Chapter 15 English Verb Grammar English Grammar Verb
Chapter 15 English Verb Grammar
English Grammar Verb • Action (“I love my Greek class. ”) • State of being (“Greek is the heavenly language”) Three Principal Parts • Present, Past perfect
English Grammar Review • Person • Number • Agreement
English Grammar “Time” • Past; present; future “Tense” • Time and form Time • From the standpoint of the speaker, not the hearer
“Aspect” “Kind” of action “I studied last night” • “Perfective aspect” (“undefined” in English) • As a whole • Simple, completed, snapshot, helicopter, outside the action
“Aspect” “I was studying last night. ” • “Imperfective aspect” (“continuous”) • Movie, part of the parade, inside the action
“Aspect” present past future perfective I study I studied I will study imperfective I am studying I was studying I will be studying
Perfective and Punctiliar • Single point in time (bat hitting the ball) Perfective • Could be punctiliar, but not necessarily • Exegesis
English Grammar Voice: relationship between subject and verb • Active: subject does the action • Passive: subject receives the action Mood: verb and reality (chpt 26) • Indicative (“reality”) • Portrayal of reality
Agreement Τense stem + Connecting vowel + Personal endings λυ + ο + μεν → λύομεν
Greek Grammar: Agreement ἀκούω ἀκούεις ἀκούει I hear, am hearing You hear He/she/it hears ἀκούομεν ἀκούετε ἀκούουσι We hear You hear They hear
Greek Grammar: Agreement ἀκούομεν
Parsing λέγετε Person, Number Tense, Voice, Mood Lexical form Inflected meaning “Morpheme”
Aspect Perfective (aspect) • Simple event; undefined Imperfective (aspect) • Ongoing process (continuous)
Aspect Mark 8: 34 “If someone wants to be my disciple, he must deny himself, take up his cross and follow me. ”
Aktionsart 1. Tense, voice, aspect 2. Lexical meaning 3. Context
Summary 1. Agreement 2. Tense (form) 3. Time (when) 4. Aspect (kind: continuous, undefined) 5. Voice (active, passive)
Summary 6. Mood (indicative) 7. Root and stem
Formation of the Greek Verb λεγ + ε + τε → λέγετε
Summary 8. Parse and lexical form 9. Morpheme
- Slides: 20