Chapter 15 Document and Handwriting Analysis Document Any
- Slides: 30
Chapter 15 – Document and Handwriting Analysis Document – Any fixed method of communication between one individual and another.
Questioned Document – Any object that contains handwritten or typewritten markings whose source or authenticity is in doubt. Example: letters, checks, driver’s license, contracts, wills, voter registration, passports, lottery tickets Exemplar: (specimen) a known sample that is used for comparison.
• Experts say no two people write exactly the same. • Fact: Writing habits may be altered beyond recognition by the influence of drugs or alcohol.
Factors that can affect handwriting • Health – various disorders, arthritis, stroke, Parkinson's, tremors. • Age – Senility • Alcohol – drugs
Chapter 16 – Document and Handwriting Analysis Class characteristics – features that are typical of a group. The more different class characteristics there are within the subject of attention, the more the size of the group can be reduced until, and ultimately, it is a group of one. It is then unique or individual evidence.
Individual characteristics – qualities that cause the subject to be unique.
In cursive • The quick red fox jumps over the lazy brown dog.
Handwriting and hand printing examine 12 characteristics. • Line quality – lines smooth, free-flowing or shaky, nervous
• Spacing of words and letters – is spacing consistent with questioned and known documents?
Ratio of relative height, width, and size of letters – is overall height, width and size of letters in known and questioned documents consistent? Pen lifts and separations – forgeries may have lifts or separations in unusual places.
• • Connecting strokes – compare how all letters are connected Beginning and ending strokes – compare how the writer begins and ends a word, number or letter.
Unusual letter formation – Look for unusual letter formation • Shading or pen pressure – check for pressure on the downward and upward strokes.
• • Slant – slant to the left or right, or straight up and down? Most conspicuous feature of handwriting. Baseline habits – does writing follow straight horizontal line or move downward or upward? Below or above the baseline?
• • Flourishes or embellishments – any fancy letters, curls, loops ect? Placement of diacritics – check the crossing of t’s and dotting of i’s, j’s.
Forgery – an item prepared with the intent to deceive or defraud. It can be an autograph, a book, a painting, a baseball card, almost anything. Types of Forgery: • Blind forgery – one made without a model of the signature or writing being forged.
Simulated forgery – one made by copying a genuine signature. • Traced forgery – one made by tracing a genuine signature.
Backhand writing – writing in which the slant of the letters is to the left of vertical. Indented writing – impressions left under paper that has been written on.
Obliterate – to remove writing. (through chemical means) Seldom used.
Erasure – involves actual removal of writing from a document through mechanical. Most common way to alter a document. Example: pencil eraser, sandpaper, razor blade or knife.
Charred Document – any document that has become darkened and brittle through fire or heat. Holographic – entirely handwritten document
To id Paper, forensic scientist may look at these characteristics: • Material paper is made from • Color • Density • Watermark – a design incorporated into the paper during manufacturing. • Dyes or bleaches • Fluorescence under UV light • Thickness
Types of check fraud Forgery – when an employee issues a check without proper authorization.
Counterfeiting and alteration • Counterfeiting - duplicating a check with advanced color photocopiers. • Alteration – using chemicals and solvents to remove or modify handwriting and information on the check.
• Paperhanging – writing checks on closed accounts (their own or others) or reordering checks on closed accounts. • Check Kiting – opening accounts at two or more institutions and using “the float time” of available funds to create fraudulent balances.
Cybercrime – criminal activity committed on the internet. Includes: hacking, viruses, web jacking, worm, pharming, piracy.
Terms for cybercrime • Piracy – downloading to copy and sell material protected by copyright. • Cyber terrorism – use of computers for communications, propaganda all by terrorist groups. • Extortion/harassment – denial of service, spam, stalking
• Web jacking – when a hacker gains access to and control over the website of another user. • Hacking – unauthorized access to computer systems or networks. • Malware – software designed to infiltrate or damage a computer system without the owner’s consent.
• Computer forensics – the application of specialized investigative and analytical techniques to identify, collect, examine, and preserve data from computer systems or networks so that it may serve as evidence in a court of law.
Stats • Stolen or forged credit cards are the top sale in underground services • With bank accounts coming in second.
- Chapter 15 document and handwriting analysis
- Chapter 15 document and handwriting analysis
- Chapter 15 document and handwriting analysis vocabulary
- Chapter 15 document and handwriting analysis vocabulary
- What are the 3 types of handwriting forgery?
- Baseline habits handwriting
- 12 handwriting characteristics
- Handwriting characteristics
- Handwriting analysis forgery and counterfeiting
- Copybook style
- Analysis handwriting
- Placement of diacritics is examining
- Literary forgery refers to the forgery of a:
- The 12 characteristics of handwriting
- 12 handwriting characteristics
- Document examination definition
- There aren't some cakes
- Any to any connectivity
- Seknder
- Clipchp
- Unusual letter formation
- Pen lifts and separation
- Document cookie set
- Simulated forgery definition
- What are the phases of handwriting examination?
- Diver letters handwriting without tears
- Minnesota handwriting test
- Mat man drawing
- 12 handwriting characteristics
- Graphometry handwriting
- The 12 characteristics of handwriting