Chapter 15 Chapter Introduction This chapter will introduce

Chapter 15 Chapter Introduction This chapter will introduce you to the Civil War in the United States by covering important battles, legislation, and changes in American life. • Section 1: The Call to Arms • Section 2: Early Years of the War • Section 3: The Emancipation Proclamation • Section 4: The Civil War and American Life • Section 5: Decisive Battles The Civil War

Chapter 15 Objectives: • Identify the states that supported the Union, the states that seceded, and the states whose loyalties were divided. • Describe the advantages each side had in the war. • Compare the different strategies used by the North and the South. • Summarize the results of the First Battle of Bull Run. • Describe the conditions soldiers in camp faced. The Civil War

Chapter 15 Lincoln tells the nation in his inaugural address that his GOAL is to keep the country together The Civil War

FEAR…. Chapter 15 The south thought Lincoln was going to end slavery. This would destroy their labor force in the south! So… They fight back = Civil War The Civil War

FEAR…. Chapter 15 After Lincoln is elected president…. The south feels they have NO power in congress. What do they do? The Civil War

Chapter 15 The South “secedes” from the union and forms their own country. They justified this because states have the right to leave based on “states rights” The Civil War

FORT SUMTER – a federal fort located in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina Chapter 15 South attacked on April 12, 1861 to officially start the Civil War The path to Civil War Video Clip The Civil War

Chapter 15 Why did both the North and the South think they would easily win the war? Many Northerners and Southerners were confident that their side would win a quick victory. The North had a greater population and more resources. The Civil War The South had a more experienced military.

Chapter 15 After the attack on Fort Sumter, President Lincoln asked states to send troops to end what he called a “rebellion. ” This caused more southern states to secede. The western counties of Virginia refused to secede. These joined the Union as the state of West Virginia. The Civil War

Chapter 15 A key question at the start of the war was whether border states would side with the Union or the Confederacy. Both sides wanted to control the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. The Civil War

Chapter 15 The Civil War

Chapter 15 Four border states did not secede: Delaware supported the Union. Kentucky started out neutral. After it was invaded by southern troops, Kentucky supported the Union. Missouri President Lincoln used force to keep Missouri in the Union. Maryland Lincoln placed Maryland under martial law to keep it in the Union. The Civil War

Chapter 15 The North was confident that it would win the war by taking advantage of its resources. These included: a larger population more acres of farmland more factories more railroad tracks The North was able to field, feed, and equip larger armies. The Civil War

Chapter 15 The Union had an advantage over the Confederacy in its amount of resources. The Civil War

Chapter 15 On the other hand, the South had the advantage of land. The North would have to invade land with which they were not familiar. Also, three generals, including Robert E. Lee, had resigned from the U. S. Army to help the South. Robert E. Lee The Civil War

Chapter 15 The North planned a multi-part strategy to defeat the South. • Blockade southern ports. • Seize Richmond. • Gain control of the Mississippi River and split the South in two. The Civil War

Chapter 15 The Civil War

Chapter 15 The South had a simpler strategy. They only needed to defend their land until the Northern armies got tired of fighting. The Civil War They also sought help from Britain and other European nations that relied on the South for cotton.

South tries to force England France to help with their war effort by refusing to send cotton – plan does not work Chapter 15 The Civil War

Chapter 15 When the Civil War began, thousands of soldiers volunteered for the Union and Confederate armies. Many of these soldiers were young and inexperienced. The Civil War

Chapter 15 Life in an army camp was harsh. Soldiers faced boredom, disease, and even death. Camps were filthy and lacked clean water. Outbreaks of diseases swept through the ranks. Captured soldiers were placed in overcrowded prison camps. Thousands died from starvation or exposure. The Civil War

Chapter 15 Because many soldiers were unskilled, Union General Irvin Mc. Dowell wanted time to train his men. However, in the north, newspapers called for a quick end to the war. Union soldiers marched towards Richmond. During the First Battle of Bull Run, Confederate general “Stonewall” Jackson and his men held firm. The Civil War

FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN – first major battle of the Civil War, fought near Washington, DC – was a Confederate victory Chapter 15 Video Clip of Battle of Bull Run The Civil War

GENERAL STONEWALL JACKSON rallies the Southern troops to victory Chapter 15 The Civil War

Chapter 15 Inexperienced Union soldiers panicked and then retreated, but the Confederates were too exhausted to pursue them. Bull Run was an early sign that the war would be long and costly. The Civil War