CHAPTER 15 Arteries and Veins of the Human

Arterial System o Aorta is divided into 4 regions n n o Ascending aorta

Aortic Branches o Ascending aorta n o Right and Left coronary arteries Aortic Arch

Branches of Aorta Right common carotid a. Left common carotid a. Right subclavian a.

Brachiocephalic Branches: Blood Supply to Brain o Brachiocephalic artery n Right subclavian artery (arm

Vertebral a. External carotid a. Internal carotid a. Vertebral a. Right common carotid a.

Arteries to Shoulder and Upper Limbs o Brachiocephalic a. n Right subclavian a. o

Arteries to the Shoulder & Upper Limbs Right Subclavian a. Brachiocephalic a. Axillary a.

Arteries to Lower Limbs o Abdominal Aorta n Common Iliac arteries o o Internal

Abdominal aorta Right Common iliac a. Internal iliac a. External iliac a. Femoral a.

Branches of Abdominal Aorta: Arteries to Abdominal Organs o o Phrenic arteries (diaphragm) Celiac

Venous Blood Vessels o o o Carry blood back to the heart Veins usually

Veins of Head, Brain and Neck • Internal jugulars + subclavian veins = brachiocephalic

Veins That Drain the Thoracic Wall 15 -66

Major Vessels of the Venous System 15 -63

Blood Supply to the Liver o The liver receives blood from 2 vessels n

Hepatic Portal System o Blood from some of the abdominal organs drains into the

Fetal Circulation o o o Lungs and liver are not yet functional Somewhat altered

Things to Remember o Be able to trace a drop of blood from one

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CHAPTER 15: Arteries and Veins of the Human Body BIO 139 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY II

Arterial System o Aorta is divided into 4 regions n n o Ascending aorta Aortic arch Thoracic aorta Abdominal aorta Many arteries branch off of these and go to major areas of the body

Aortic Branches o Ascending aorta n o Right and Left coronary arteries Aortic Arch 1. Brachiocephalic artery o o 2. 3. Right common carotid a. Right subclavian a. Left common carotid a. Left subclavian a.

Branches of Aorta Right common carotid a. Left common carotid a. Right subclavian a. Left subclavian a. Brachiocephalic a.

Brachiocephalic Branches: Blood Supply to Brain o Brachiocephalic artery n Right subclavian artery (arm & neck) o Vertebral artery (vertebra) n Basilar artery (brainstem) o Posterior cerebral a. o Circle of Willis (brain) o Brachiocephalic artery n Right common carotid artery (deep in neck) o o External carotid artery (neck, face, scalp, jaw) Internal carotid artery (brain; baroreceptors here) n Anterior cerebral a. o Circle of Willis

Vertebral a. External carotid a. Internal carotid a. Vertebral a. Right common carotid a. R. Subclavian a. Brachiocephalic a.

Circle of Willis

Aorta and Its Principal Branches 15 -55

Arteries to Shoulder and Upper Limbs o Brachiocephalic a. n Right subclavian a. o Axillary a. (upper arm, chest) n Brachial a. (elbow level) o Ulnar a. (medial forearm) OR Radial a. (lateral forearm) o Palmer Arches (palms) o Digital a. (digits)

Arteries to the Shoulder & Upper Limbs Right Subclavian a. Brachiocephalic a. Axillary a. Brachial a. Radial a. Ulnar a. Palmer Arches a. Digital a.

Arteries to Lower Limbs o Abdominal Aorta n Common Iliac arteries o o Internal iliac arteries External iliac arteries – main blood supply to lower limbs n Femoral artery o Popliteal artery o o Anterior tibial a. Dorsalis pedis Dorsal arch Metatarsal a. Posterior tibial a. Plantar arch Digital a.

Abdominal aorta Right Common iliac a. Internal iliac a. External iliac a. Femoral a. Arteries to the Lower Limbs Popliteal a. Anterior tibial a. Posterior tibial a. Dorsal arch Dorsalis pedis a. Plantar a. Metatarsal a. Anterior Posterior

Branches of Abdominal Aorta: Arteries to Abdominal Organs o o Phrenic arteries (diaphragm) Celiac artery n n n o o o Splenic artery (spleen, pancreas) Left gastric artery (stomach) Common hepatic artery (liver) Suprarenal (adrenal glands) Renal (kidneys) Superior mesenteric artery (intestinal tract) Gonadal (gonads) Inferior mesenteric (colon) Common iliac artery

Arteries to Abdominal Organs

Major Vessels of Arterial System 15 -53

Venous Blood Vessels o o o Carry blood back to the heart Veins usually follow pathways parallel to arteries There a few exceptions to this: n n n n Jugular veins (head) Median cubital vein (venipuncture site) Superior vena cava (head/ upper extremities) Coronary sinus (cardiac veins) Hepatic portal system Great saphenous vein (in legs) Inferior vena cava (lower body)

Veins of Head, Brain and Neck • Internal jugulars + subclavian veins = brachiocephalic veins • Brachiocephalic veins drain into Superior vena cava

Veins of Head, Brain and Neck

Veins of Upper Limb and Shoulder

Veins of the Lower Limbs

Veins That Drain the Thoracic Wall 15 -66

Major Vessels of the Venous System 15 -63

Blood Supply to the Liver o The liver receives blood from 2 vessels n o Hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein Blood exits the liver out of the hepatic vein into the inferior vena cava

Hepatic Portal System o Blood from some of the abdominal organs drains into the hepatic portal vein which then leads to the liver o These three vessels join together to form the hepatic portal vein n Gastric vein (stomach) Mesenteric veins (intestines) Splenic vein (spleen and pancreas)

Hepatic Portal System

Fetal Circulation o o o Lungs and liver are not yet functional Somewhat altered routes of circulation Contains features & vessels unique to fetus, that close after birth n n n Ductus arteriosus (ligamentum arteriosum) Ductus venosus (ligamentum venosum) Foramen ovale (fossa ovalis) 2 Umbilical arteries 1 Umbilical vein

Things to Remember o Be able to trace a drop of blood from one place in the body to another, using both arterial and venous blood vessels