Chapter 14 Understanding Individual Behavior 2016 Cengage Learning

Value and Difficulty of Knowing Yourself Self-awareness: Being aware of the internal aspects of one’s nature, such as personality traits, beliefs, emotions, attitudes, and perceptions, and appreciating how your patterns affect people © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 2

Enhance Your Self-Awareness Soliciting Feedback v. Seeking feedback to enhance self-awareness improves performance and job satisfaction Self Assessment v. Reflection to gain insights into oneself from the results of self-assessment instruments © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 3

14. 1 Two Keys to Self. Awareness © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Job Satisfaction and Trust Job Satisfaction – A positive attitude toward one’s job v Organizational Commitment – An employee’s loyalty to and engagement with the organization v Trust is an important component of organizational commitment v Managers want the benefit of loyal, committed employees v © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 5

14. 2 Rate Your Job Satisfaction © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May

Perception is the cognitive process people use to make sense of the environment v Perceptual Distortions – Errors in perceptual judgment v Stereotyping: Generalizing about group or individual v Halo effect: Impression based on one characteristic © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 7

14. 3 The Perception Process © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not

14. 4 Perception— What Do You See? © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

14. 5 How Accurate Is Your Perception? © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Attributions v Attributions – Judgments about the cause of a person’s behavior v Biases when making attributions v Fundamental attribution error – Underestimating the influence of external factors and overestimating the influence of internal factors v Self-serving bias – giving too much credit for oneself when a job is done well, and blaming external factors for failure to perform © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 11

Personality Traits ü Extroversion ü Agreeableness ü Conscientiousness ü Emotional stability ü Openness to experience © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 12

14. 6 The Big Five Personality Traits © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Attitudes and Behaviors Influenced by Personality Locus of Control – Responsibility of success/failure within oneself vs. outside forces v Authoritarianism – Power and status differences should exist within organization v Machiavellianism – Focus on acquiring power v Different problem-solving styles and approaches: v v. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator assessment © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 14

14. 7 Measuring Locus of Control © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May

14. 8 What’s Your Mach? 16 © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May

14. 9 Four Problem-Solving Styles © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not

Emotions A mental state that arises spontaneously within a person based on interactions v People cannot be separated from their emotions v Managers can influence positive or negative emotions at work v v. Emotional contagion v Good managers pay attention to people’s emotions © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 18

14. 10 Positive and Negative Emotions © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May

Emotional Intelligence ü Self-awareness ü Self-management ü Social awareness ü Relationship management © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 20

Basic Principles for Self. Management Clarity of mind v Clarity of objectives v An organized system v © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 21

14. 11 Follow the Steps to Get Organized © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights

Stress and Stress Management v Challenge stress v. Stress that challenges and helps increase focus v Threat stress v. Stress that is counterproductive v. Presenteeism – people go to work, but are too stressed to be productive © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 23

14. 12 The Yerkes-Dodson Stress Curve 24 © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Stress and Stress Management Type A Behavior Pattern characterized by extreme competitiveness, impatience, aggressiveness, and devotion to work Type B Behavior Pattern that lacks Type A characteristics and includes more balanced, relaxed lifestyle © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 25

Causes of Work Stress v Task Demands v. Stressors arising from the tasks required of a person holding a particular job v. Role ambiguity – People are unclear of the task behavior expected of them v Interpersonal demands v. Stressors associated with relationships in the organization v. Role conflict – occurs when an individual faces incompatible demands © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 26