Chapter 14 THE HIGH AND LATE MIDDLE AGES

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Chapter 14 THE HIGH AND LATE MIDDLE AGES

Chapter 14 THE HIGH AND LATE MIDDLE AGES

MONARCHS, NOBLES AND THE CHURCH � Nobles and the Church had far more power

MONARCHS, NOBLES AND THE CHURCH � Nobles and the Church had far more power – land � Battle of Hastings – William vs. Harold � English kings – Christmas day, 1066 � William, Duke of Normandy

WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR � Now the king of England, too � Monitored his lands

WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR � Now the king of England, too � Monitored his lands � Domesday Book � Royal exchequer

DOMESDAY BOOK � Census for tax purposes

DOMESDAY BOOK � Census for tax purposes

HENRY II � Inherited � Traveling like? the throne justices – what does this

HENRY II � Inherited � Traveling like? the throne justices – what does this sound � Common law – legal system based on custom and court rulings � Jury – group of men sworn to speak the truth

HENRY II � Wanted to try clergy in royal courts � Thomas Becket says

HENRY II � Wanted to try clergy in royal courts � Thomas Becket says no � Assassinated by four knights

KING JOHN � Son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine � Lost lands

KING JOHN � Son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine � Lost lands in Anjou and Normandy � Archbishop � Innocent of Canterbury issue III excommunicated him, interdict

KING JOHN � 1215 – Magna Carta � Due process of law � habeas

KING JOHN � 1215 – Magna Carta � Due process of law � habeas � Great corpus Council - Parliament

FRANCE!!! � Hugh Capet – Capetians for 300 years!! � 987 � Thought he

FRANCE!!! � Hugh Capet – Capetians for 300 years!! � 987 � Thought he was weak � Played nobles against each other

PHILIP AUGUSTUS � Gained powers and land � Albigensians

PHILIP AUGUSTUS � Gained powers and land � Albigensians

LOUIS IX � 1226 � Persecuted � Two heretics crusades � Traveling justices, ended

LOUIS IX � 1226 � Persecuted � Two heretics crusades � Traveling justices, ended serfdom, heard cases, became a saint in the church

PHILIIP IV � Tried to collect taxes from the clergy � Pope Boniface VIII

PHILIIP IV � Tried to collect taxes from the clergy � Pope Boniface VIII says “God has set popes over kings and kingdoms” � Philip sends troops to arrest the pope

THE GREAT SCHISM � Pope escapes but dies shortly after � Benedict XI dies

THE GREAT SCHISM � Pope escapes but dies shortly after � Benedict XI dies after eight months � Clement V, a Frenchmen, is elected � Four years later, moves the papal court to Avignon – Why?

THE GREAT SCHISM �A new pope is elected in Rome � NOW THERE ARE

THE GREAT SCHISM �A new pope is elected in Rome � NOW THERE ARE TWO POPES!!!!!

HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE � Germany � Otto to Italy I becomes the King of

HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE � Germany � Otto to Italy I becomes the King of Germany defeats rebellious nobles of the pope so he crowned him “holy”

HENRY IV AND GREGORY VII � Gregory made many reforms – including banning lay

HENRY IV AND GREGORY VII � Gregory made many reforms – including banning lay investiture � Lay investiture – lay person “invested” bishops with the ring and staff that symbolized their office. � HRE Henry IV is not happy

EXCOMMUNICATION � 1076 Henry is excommunicated � Henry repented � Crushed � Sent undermining

EXCOMMUNICATION � 1076 Henry is excommunicated � Henry repented � Crushed � Sent undermining nobles pope into exile

CONCORDAT OF WORMS � 1122 � Church has the sole power to elect and

CONCORDAT OF WORMS � 1122 � Church has the sole power to elect and invest bishops and the emperor could give them fiefs

FREDERICK I “FREDERICK BARBAROSSA” � “Red Beard” � Tried to unite Italy with the

FREDERICK I “FREDERICK BARBAROSSA” � “Red Beard” � Tried to unite Italy with the HRE