Chapter 14 Section 3 AcidBase Reactions Conjugate Acids

Chapter 14 Section 3 Acid-Base Reactions Conjugate Acids and Bases • Conjugate base - species that remains after a Brønsted-Lowry acid has given up a proton acid conjugate base Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 14 Section 3 Acid-Base Reactions Neutralization Reactions Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 14 Section 3 Acid-Base Reactions Strength of Conjugate Acids and Bases • The stronger an acid is, the weaker its conjugate base • The stronger a base is, the weaker its conjugate acid strong acid base acid Chapter menu weak base Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 14 Section 3 Acid-Base Reactions Strength of Conjugate Acids and Bases • Proton transfer reactions favor the production of the weaker acid and the weaker base. stronger acid stronger base weaker acid weaker base • The reaction to the right is more favorable weaker acid weaker base stronger acid stronger base • The reaction to the left is more favorable Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 14 Visual Concepts Conjugated Acids and Bases Click below to watch the Visual Concept Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 14 Section 3 Acid-Base Reactions Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 14 Section 3 Acid-Base Reactions Amphoteric Compounds • Amphoteric - any species that can react as either an acid or a base • example: water • water can act as a base acid 1 • base 2 acid 2 base 1 water can act as an acid base 1 acid 2 acid 1 Chapter menu base 2 Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 14 Section 3 Acid-Base Reactions Oxyacids of Chlorine Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 14 Visual Concepts Amphoterism Click below to watch the Visual Concept Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 14 Section 3 Acid-Base Reactions Strong Acid-Strong Base Neutralization • Neutralization - reaction of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions to form water molecules in aqueous solutions • Salt - ionic compound composed of a cation from a base and an anion from an acid. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 14 Visual Concepts Neutralization Reaction Click below to watch the Visual Concept Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 14 Section 3 Acid-Base Reactions Acid Rain • NO, NO 2, CO 2, SO 2, and SO 3 gases from industrial processes can dissolve in atmospheric water to produce acidic solutions. • example: • Acid rain - very acidic rain • Acid rain can erode statues and affect ecosystems. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 14 Visual Concepts Acid Precipitation Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 14 Visual Concepts Chemical Weathering Click below to watch the Visual Concept Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.