CHAPTER 14 SECTION 2 THE ABOLITIONISTS ABOLITIONISTS ESSENTIAL

CHAPTER 14 SECTION 2 - THE ABOLITIONISTS

ABOLITIONISTS �ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS �How did some Americans work to end slavery? �Who were the leaders and what were their accomplishments?

LISTEN TO THE NEXT PASSAGE OF MUSIC AND TELL ME WHAT COMES TO MIND?

THE BEATLES!

Beatles on Abbey Road!

THE SONG’S NAME IS: ? ? �Penny Lane

IS PENNY LANE A : 1) 2) 3) Childhood sweetheart name of one of the group. Street in their hometown. British phrase that means – “a fond memory”. Which one is it?

PENNY LANE--#2 LIVERPOOL, ENGLAND

WHAT DOES THIS HAVE TO DO WITH ABOLITIONISTS?

PENNY LANE � Refers to a Liverpool merchant (James Penny) in the late 1700’s who bought and sold African slaves. � When town founders where coming up with names of new streets (lanes) they named one in his honor. � Today Liverpool would like to hide this part of its history as the country celebrates 200 years of outlawing the institution of slavery!

EARLY EFFORTS TO END SLAVERY WHAT THE GOAL OF THE AMERICAN COLONIZATION SOCIETY? § American Colonization Society was formed § To resettle freed slaves in either Africa or the Caribbean § Founded Liberia in western Africa § Today it is still struggling to find a stable government.

EARLY EFFORTS TO END SLAVERY 2. WHAT OTHER REFORM MOVEMENTS OF THE TIME CONVINCED SOME AMERICANS THAT SLAVERY WAS WRONG? � Religious reform movement � Other reform movements (women's)

THE MOVEMENT CHANGES WHY DID THE ABOLITION MOVEMENT CHANGE? � Abolitionist leaders felt the gradual approach was not working fast enough. � There was an increase in the # and value of the slaves in the country during the mid 1800’s.

THE MOVEMENT CHANGES � William Lloyd Garrison- � Publisher � of abolition newspaper “THE LIBERATOR” � 1831 � One of early leaders in abolition movement. *called for Emancipation for all slaves § The paper was operated for more than 30 years.

ABOLITIONISTS (WHITE) � Sarah & Angela Grimke � Former Southerners � Used their own wealth to free slaves § Supported the writing of a book detailed the evils of slavery.

AFRICAN AMERICAN ABOLITIONISTS � Frederick � born Douglass a slave in Maryland � was taught (illegally) to read and write § Runaway (underground R. R) § Editor of the abolition newspaper § “North Star” § Dynamic speaker who traveled and spoke about the “evils” of slavery.

AFRICAN AMERICAN ABOLITIONISTS � Sojourner � Original Truth name was Isabella Baumfree � Was a slave in New York � Inspired by religious teachings she changed her name. � Would work with other abolitionists of the period (Garrison, Douglass)

SOJOURNER TRUTH: AIN’T I A WOMAN? � That man over there says that women need to be helped into carriages, and lifted over ditches, and to have the best place everywhere. Nobody ever helps me into carriages, or over mud puddles, or gives me any best place, and ain't I a woman? . . . I have plowed, and planted, and gathered into barns, and no man could head me -- and ain't I a woman? I could work as much and eat as much as a man (when I could get it), and bear the lash as well -- and ain't I a woman? I have borne thirteen children and seen most all sold off to slavery and when I cried out with my mother's grief, none but Jesus heard me -- and ain't I woman? "

NASA HAS HONORED SOJOURNER TRUTH. DO YOU KNOW HOW?

BY NAMING THE MARS ROVER AFTER HER It has sent back the first pictures of Mars in almost 20 years.

ONE OF THE EARLY PHOTOS!!

HOW DID THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD WORK? � Name comes about around the 1830’s. � Estimates of numbers are as high as 100, 000 - runaways � from 1810 -1850’s. � Supporters of the U. R. -used code words like: STATIONS DEPOTS STATIONMASTERS STOCKHOLDERS CONDUCTORS

UNDERGROUND RAILROAD STATIONS STOCKHOLDERS DEPOTS CONDUCTORS STATIONMASTERS

HOW DID THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD WORK? � Series of safe houses and routes for runaway slaves to make it to the North � Operated by both whites and freed blacks. � It was illegal to aid any slave in their escape.

UNDERGROUND RAILROAD � Harriet Tubman � Born Araminta Ross (took her mom’s name) � Made 19 trips south and rescued 300 people. � Rescued her sister and sisters children, her brother (and two other men he knew), her parents (70 years old) & tried to rescue her husband.

HARRIET TUBMAN � She was smart � Traveled at the best times � Prepared (sedatives and gun) � Wise – faked literacy to throw off bounty hunters. � Valuable- worth 40, 000$ -1856.

UNDERGROUND RAILROAD Picture of a famous “stationmaster” -Levi Coffin welcoming new passengers to his Indiana farm.

UNDERGROUND RAILROAD A typical cabin a runaway would come across on their journey to freedom. Are the people inside going to be helpful or not?

UNDERGROUND RAILROAD HIDING PLACES WERE ESSENTIAL FOR RUNAWAYS

THINK OF REASONS WHY BOTH NORTHERNERS AND SOUTHERNERS OPPOSED THE EFFORTS OF ABOLITIONISTS.

3. EXPLAIN WHY (AND HOW) NORTHERNERS OBJECTED TO THE EFFORTS OF ABOLITIONISTS? � Northerners feared that abolition would bring: � social change � War between the states � A new work force that would take jobs � Attacked some abolition newspaper places(people) � Philadelphia � William Lloyd Garrison � Elijah Lovejoy

EMANCIPATION TO LIBERATE OR SET FREE!