CHAPTER 14 Ladders 1 Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar
- Slides: 41
CHAPTER 14 Ladders 1 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER 14 Objectives (1 of 3) • Name the parts of a ladder. • Describe the many functions for which a ladder can be used. • Name the different types of mounted ladder apparatus. • Describe the function of the different types of ground ladders. • Describe the care of ladders. 2 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER 14 Objectives (2 of 3) • Cite maintenance, cleaning, and inspection functions of ladders. • Exhibit ladder operation safety. • Name different types of ladder uses. • Describe the ladder selection process. • Describe the concepts behind different ladder-raising techniques. 3 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER 14 Objectives (3 of 3) • Cite safety concerns of ladders and their use. • Demonstrate skills associated with ladders. • Describe fundamentals of ladder placement. • Determine how far away from a building a ladder should be placed. 4 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER 14 Introduction • Ladders are used for many purposes besides providing access to elevated locations. • Ladders were originally constructed from wood; now truss type beams are used. – Truss construction allows for stronger and lighter ladders. • Continuous advances allow for ladders of various sizes and uses to be developed. 5 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER 14 Ladder Terminology (1 of 2) 6 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER 14 Ladder Terminology (2 of 2) 7 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER Ladder Companies 14 • Apparatus carrying ladders and other devices, tools, and personnel • Tower ladders and articulating boom ladders • Ladder company tasks include: • • Forcible entry Search and rescue Roof access Ventilation 8 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER 14 Aerial Ladder (1 of 2) • Apparatusmounted ladder reaching 100’-110’ • Designed so various sections slide out from one another • Bed attached to a turntable 9 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER Aerial Ladder (2 of 2) 14 10 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER 14 Tower Ladder • A telescopic boom with mounted basket • Helpful to remove many victims • Very versatile piece of equipment 11 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER 14 Articulating Boom Ladder • Uses basket with articulating booms • Capable of placing bucket into hard to reach places • Also known as snorkel ladder 12 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER Types of Ground or Portable Ladders • • • 14 Straight Extension Roof or hook Folding A-frame combination Pompier 13 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER Straight Ladder 14 • A fixed length ladder • Range from 12’ to 20’ • Can usually be carried and raised by one person • Used for access, ventilation and escapes 14 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER 14 Extension Ladder • Two or more ladders operating as a unit. • May have two or more fly ladders. • Halyard used for extending ladders. • Ladders over 40 feet have stay poles. 15 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER Roof Ladder 14 • Straight ladder with retractable hooks at tip • Used when operating on a sloped roof • Hooks placed over the ridge of roof 16 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER 14 Folding (Attic) Ladder • Enables access into narrow and confined spaces • Length of 8’ to 16’ • Collapsible feature • Ideal ladder to reach sprinkler shutoff 17 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER 14 A-Frame Combination Ladder • Can be used in various configurations. • Fly ladder can be manually raised. • Can be used as step ladder. • Works well in tight places. 18 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER 14 Pompier Ladder • No longer an approved ladder • Was used as hanging ladder to climb up • Ladder raised manually to window levels 19 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER Maintenance, Cleaning, and Inspection 14 • Fire service ladders warrant special attention. • NFPA 1931 – Ladder needing repair must be taken out of service. – Detailed maintenance records should be kept of required inspections. 20 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER 14 Cleaning Ladders • Dirt and grime can negatively affect ladder operation. • During cleaning, ladders should be inspected closely. • Follow manufacturer’s recommendations on cleaning. 21 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER 14 Ladder Safety (1 of 2) • Use common sense. • Overloading ladder limits is the most common cause of ladder-related injuries. • Ladder placement is a critical element. • Ladders should not be in front of lower floor window or door. • Use of correct ladder is important. 22 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER 14 Ladder Safety (2 of 2) • Be careful of overhead wires. • Always keep three limbs in touch with the ladder. • Always have someone butt the ladder. • Always use a safety belt or leg lock when working off a ladder. 23 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER 14 Ladder Uses (1 of 2) • • • Used primarily for climbing Can provide a path to heights Can be used to descend or as a bridge Commonly used for rescue Provides stability while working on sloped roof Can be used to remove glass 24 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER 14 Ladder Uses (2 of 2) • Can be used to support weight. • Water can be applied from a ground ladder. • May reach areas where apparatus mounted appliances may not reach. • Can serve as an exterior work platform. 25 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER Ladder Selection Considerations • • • Ground conditions Height needed Purpose Slope of ground Accessibility of location 14 • Available personnel • Overhead considerations • Raising space considerations • Stability 26 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER Raising Skills—Concepts 14 • Heel of ladder must be a certain distance from the building for stability. • Safest climbing angle is about 75 degrees. • Prior to climbing, determine proper distance for ladder from building. 27 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER 14 Raising Ladders • • Two-person raise One-person raise Beam raise Rung raise 28 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER 14 Special Uses • Removal of numerous victims • Chute with a tarp • Over a fence • Elevated hose stream • Portable pool • Barrier • Supporting of falling sign • Forcible entry • Hoist point • Ventilation fan supports 29 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER 14 Multiple Victim Removal 30 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER 14 Chute with a Tarp 31 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER 14 Climbing Over a Fence 32 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER 14 Portable Pool 33 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER 14 Ladder as a Barrier 34 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER 14 Ventilation Fan Support 35 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER Ladder Safety • Electrical lines • Climbing path • Overhead obstructions 14 • Uneven ground • Ladder load • Working off a ladder 36 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER 14 Miscellaneous Points • • • Ladder storage Apparatus ladder storage Ladder apparatus parking Ladder painting Certification and testing procedures 37 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER 14 Ladder Skills (1 of 3) • • Suitcase carry Shoulder carry Flat carry Single 38 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER 14 Ladder Skills (2 of 3) • Carrying victims • Two-person raises – Rung raise – Beam raise 39 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER 14 Ladder Skills (3 of 3) • • Fly extension raise One-person raise Leg lock Carrying tools • Mounting/dismounting • Roof ladder deployment • Hoisting ladders by rope 40 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER 14 Summary • Ladders have many applications. • Different types of ladders are designed for specific uses. • New designs are always being developed. • Must use common sense. • Maintenance duties, inspection, and documenting results are important. 41 Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning