Chapter 13 The Rise of the Middle Ages

Section 2: New Invaders Main Idea Invasions and migrations changed the political and cultural

I. The Vikings – fierce warriors from Scandinavia in northern Europe; aka Norsemen or

I. The Vikings Skilled at ship building, sailing, and navigation skills that enabled them

I. The Vikings Began as a rural, agricultural society - most worked as fishermen

I. The Vikings Soil was not fertile - farmers could not grow enough grain,

I. The Vikings Viking leaders looked for new sources of food & wealth –

I. The Vikings 1 st targets – Monasteries in England north France; were soon

I. The Vikings Viking longships had a shallow draft, so even inland cities like

I. The Vikings People lived in fear: Vikings gave no warning looted, killed, captured,

I. The Vikings Monasteries were favorite targets: they held many treasures and monks weren’t

I. The Vikings explored/settled in Iceland, Greenland, and throughout Europe

I. The Vikings According to the sagas, Leif Erickson reached North America in the

I. The Vikings under Rollo kept raiding France, so king made a deal: stop

6 June 1944 - Normandy, France: The Invasion of Europe

II. The Magyars - nomads from central Asia; fierce warriors and skilled horsemen

II. The Magyars Raided small European and Byzantine settlements, then fled on horseback

II. The Magyars mid-900 s - Settled in Hungary; German king Otto the Great

III. The Muslims 711 – Muslims crossed Strait of Gibraltar and ruled most of

III. The Muslims Capital was Cordoba - one of the wealthiest, most culturally advanced

III. The Muslims After Battle of Tours, Muslims raided southern France and Italy, burning

III. The Muslims blocked Byzantine trade in Med. Sea and cut off trade to

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Chapter 13 - The Rise of the Middle Ages 4 1 2 5 3 1. Lute 2. Sable 3. Basil 4. Funeral Pyre 5. Staves

Section 2: New Invaders Main Idea Invasions and migrations changed the political and cultural landscapes of western Europe during the early Middle Ages. Objectives • Why did many Europeans fear the Vikings? • What made Magyar raids in eastern Europe so devastating to people there? • Why did Muslims raid towns in southern Europe?

I. The Vikings – fierce warriors from Scandinavia in northern Europe; aka Norsemen or North men

I. The Vikings Skilled at ship building, sailing, and navigation skills that enabled them to cross oceans

I. The Vikings Began as a rural, agricultural society - most worked as fishermen or farmers

I. The Vikings Soil was not fertile - farmers could not grow enough grain, food shortages common

I. The Vikings Viking leaders looked for new sources of food & wealth – the Viking raids began

I. The Vikings 1 st targets – Monasteries in England north France; were soon raiding all over Europe

I. The Vikings Viking longships had a shallow draft, so even inland cities like Paris and Kiev were not safe

I. The Vikings People lived in fear: Vikings gave no warning looted, killed, captured, and sailed away

I. The Vikings Monasteries were favorite targets: they held many treasures and monks weren’t warriors

I. The Vikings explored/settled in Iceland, Greenland, and throughout Europe

I. The Vikings According to the sagas, Leif Erickson reached North America in the 1000 s

I. The Vikings under Rollo kept raiding France, so king made a deal: stop raids, defend against other Vikings Rollo could have Normandy

6 June 1944 - Normandy, France: The Invasion of Europe

II. The Magyars - nomads from central Asia; fierce warriors and skilled horsemen

II. The Magyars Raided small European and Byzantine settlements, then fled on horseback

II. The Magyars mid-900 s - Settled in Hungary; German king Otto the Great crushed Magyar army, ending raids Otto the Great, (912 – 973) The first Holy Roman Emperor since Charlemagne. His reign is generally considered to be the true beginning of the Holy Roman Empire.

III. The Muslims 711 – Muslims crossed Strait of Gibraltar and ruled most of Iberian Peninsula for over 700 years Jebel-al-Tarik, Tarik's mountain The Rock of Gibraltar

III. The Muslims Capital was Cordoba - one of the wealthiest, most culturally advanced cities of medieval world

III. The Muslims After Battle of Tours, Muslims raided southern France and Italy, burning churches in Rome

III. The Muslims blocked Byzantine trade in Med. Sea and cut off trade to Italy, changing balance of power