Chapter 13 Set 2 Factors Affecting Solubility SoluteSolvent
![Chapter 13 Set 2 Chapter 13 Set 2](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/be623550a9171b2a3a43d07d245165c9/image-1.jpg)
Chapter 13 Set 2
![Factors Affecting Solubility • • • Solute-Solvent Interaction Polar liquids tend to dissolve in Factors Affecting Solubility • • • Solute-Solvent Interaction Polar liquids tend to dissolve in](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/be623550a9171b2a3a43d07d245165c9/image-2.jpg)
Factors Affecting Solubility • • • Solute-Solvent Interaction Polar liquids tend to dissolve in polar solvents. Miscible liquids: mix in any proportions. Immiscible liquids: do not mix. Intermolecular forces are important: water and ethanol are miscible because the broken hydrogen bonds in both pure liquids are re-established in the mixture. The number of carbon atoms in a chain affect solubility: the more C atoms the less soluble in water.
![Factors Affecting Solubility • • Solute-Solvent Interaction The number of -OH groups within a Factors Affecting Solubility • • Solute-Solvent Interaction The number of -OH groups within a](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/be623550a9171b2a3a43d07d245165c9/image-3.jpg)
Factors Affecting Solubility • • Solute-Solvent Interaction The number of -OH groups within a molecule increases solubility in water. Generalization: “like dissolves like”. The more polar bonds in the molecule, the better it dissolves in a polar solvent. The less polar the molecule the less it dissolves in a polar solvent and the better is dissolves in a non-polar solvent.
![Factors Affecting Solubility Solute-Solvent Interaction Factors Affecting Solubility Solute-Solvent Interaction](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/be623550a9171b2a3a43d07d245165c9/image-4.jpg)
Factors Affecting Solubility Solute-Solvent Interaction
![Factors Affecting Solubility Solute-Solvent Interaction Factors Affecting Solubility Solute-Solvent Interaction](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/be623550a9171b2a3a43d07d245165c9/image-5.jpg)
Factors Affecting Solubility Solute-Solvent Interaction
![Factors Affecting Solubility Solute-Solvent Interaction • Network solids do not dissolve because the strong Factors Affecting Solubility Solute-Solvent Interaction • Network solids do not dissolve because the strong](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/be623550a9171b2a3a43d07d245165c9/image-6.jpg)
Factors Affecting Solubility Solute-Solvent Interaction • Network solids do not dissolve because the strong intermolecular forces in the solid are not re-established in any solution. Pressure Effects • Solubility of a gas in a liquid is a function of the pressure of the gas.
![Factors Affecting Solubility Pressure Effects Factors Affecting Solubility Pressure Effects](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/be623550a9171b2a3a43d07d245165c9/image-7.jpg)
Factors Affecting Solubility Pressure Effects
![Factors Affecting Solubility Pressure Effects • The higher the pressure, the more molecules of Factors Affecting Solubility Pressure Effects • The higher the pressure, the more molecules of](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/be623550a9171b2a3a43d07d245165c9/image-8.jpg)
Factors Affecting Solubility Pressure Effects • The higher the pressure, the more molecules of gas are close to the solvent and the greater the chance of a gas molecule striking the surface and entering the solution. – Therefore, the higher the pressure, the greater the solubility. – The lower the pressure, the fewer molecules of gas are close to the solvent and the lower the solubility. • If Sg is the solubility of a gas, k is a constant, and Pg is the partial pressure of a gas, then Henry’s Law gives:
![Factors Affecting Solubility Pressure Effects • Carbonated beverages are bottled with a partial pressure Factors Affecting Solubility Pressure Effects • Carbonated beverages are bottled with a partial pressure](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/be623550a9171b2a3a43d07d245165c9/image-9.jpg)
Factors Affecting Solubility Pressure Effects • Carbonated beverages are bottled with a partial pressure of CO 2 > 1 atm. • As the bottle is opened, the partial pressure of CO 2 decreases and the solubility of CO 2 decreases. • Therefore, bubbles of CO 2 escape from solution.
![Factors Affecting Solubility Temperature Effects • Experience tells us that sugar dissolves better in Factors Affecting Solubility Temperature Effects • Experience tells us that sugar dissolves better in](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/be623550a9171b2a3a43d07d245165c9/image-10.jpg)
Factors Affecting Solubility Temperature Effects • Experience tells us that sugar dissolves better in warm water than cold. • As temperature increases, solubility of solids generally increases. • Sometimes, solubility decreases as temperature increases (e. g. Ce 2(SO 4)3).
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![Factors Affecting Solubility Temperature Effects • Experience tells us that carbonated beverages go flat Factors Affecting Solubility Temperature Effects • Experience tells us that carbonated beverages go flat](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/be623550a9171b2a3a43d07d245165c9/image-12.jpg)
Factors Affecting Solubility Temperature Effects • Experience tells us that carbonated beverages go flat as they get warm. • Therefore, gases get less soluble as temperature increases. • Thermal pollution: if lakes get too warm, CO 2 and O 2 become less soluble and are not available for plants or animals.
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