Chapter 13 Review Section 1 4 The Renaissance

Chapter 13 Review: Section 1 -4

The Renaissance in Italy Key Terms and People • Humanism- Technique in painting makes distant objects smaller than those close to the viewer • Machiavelli- Renaissance author who wrote a guide for rulers on how to gain and maintain power • Patron- Provided financial backing for the arts • Leonardo da Vinci- Dissected corpses to learn how to paint human anatomy correctly • Humanism- Tried to apply the wisdom of the ancients to the Renaissance world

Main Ideas • Renaissance art reflected the humanist interest in individual achievement. • Renaissance painters and sculptors gave great attention to anatomy. • During the Renaissance, women artists often had to keep their work secret. • Renaissance architects favored the Greek and Roman style. • Partly because scholars and politicians mingled in Renaissance Italy, literature advised rulers on how to succeed.

The Renaissance Moves North Key People • A complete edition of the Bible was first printed with movable metal type by Johann Gutenberg • William Shakespeare’s work enriched the English language • Miguel de Cervantes produced the bestknown work of Spanish Renaissance literature • Pieter Bruegel painted scenes of daily life

Main Ideas • More people learned to read and write due to the printing press • Lack of economic growth delayed the Renaissance in northern Europe • Sir Thomas More used his writings to call for social and economic reforms • Albrecht Durer was called the German Leonardo because he had wide-ranging interests • Shakespeare had the most far-reaching influence of all the Renaissance writers • The middle class formed a new audience for works of literature in the vernacular

The Protestant Reformation • Recant is to give up one’s views • Predestination is the idea that God determined long ago who would gain salvation • Indulgences were money used to pardon for sins • Government run by church leaders is called a theocracy

Main Ideas • To pay for Church projects the clergy raised fees and sold indulgences • The Roman Catholic Church excommunicated Martin Luther for his ideas • Martin Luther believed souls could be saved only through faith • Luther preached that all Christians had equal access to God • Calvin taught that humans were by nature sinners • Laughing in church and dancing was considered by Calvinist's to be offenses that warranted punishment

Reformation Ideas Spread • Anabaptists were a Protestant sect that argued against infant baptism • Henry VIII wished to annul his marriage, which created turmoil with the Roman Catholic Church • Jesuits were determined to combat heresy and spread the Catholic faith. • Ghetto’s were set up during the Reformation and Jewish people were forced to live there

Main Ideas • Elizabeth used the religious policy of compromise between Catholics and Protestants during her reign. • Queen Mary imprisoned her half-sister Elizabeth because Elizabeth was popular and Protestant • Council of Trent reaffirmed traditional views • The Roman Catholic Church strengthened the Inquisition during the Reformation • Women were more often accused of being witches • Henry VIII broke away from the Catholic Church because he wanted to annul his marriage